CHAPTER IX. 



A FEOZEN SUMMER. 



June — August, 1880. 



Which Way does the Ice go? — Appearance of Insanity. — A Fall of 

 Rain. — Danenhower's Case. — Bad Walking. — Mosquitoes. — A 

 Day's Record. — Lanes of Water. — The First Punishment. — 

 Stoppage of the Leak. — Melting of the Surrounding Ice. — The 

 Ship in an Island of Ice. — Thickness of Ice. — Punishment of 

 Dogs. — Irksoraeness of Confinement. — Accident to Alexey. — 

 The Height of Summer and the Depth of Discouragement. — The 

 Resolution of the Company. — Fog and its Effect on Ice. — Specu- 

 lations on Arctic Ice. — Studies of Sea- Water Ice. — Tests applied. 

 — Sudden Encounter with a Bear. — Getting at the Propeller. — 

 A Party of Bears. — Crimson Snow. — A Hopeless Outlook. 



June Is^, Tuesday. — The first day of summer — and 

 a gloomy and disagreeable one at that. Occasional 

 thick fog prevailed, and a frequent fall of light snow 

 added to the general cheerfulness ! Sounded at noon 

 in thirty-three and one half fathoms, muddy bottom 

 of course, and the lead line showed a drift to N. N. W. 

 Commenced hauling the dredge again, obtaining this 

 time a few shells and shrimps. 



June 2d, Wednesday. — A lovely summer day ! A 

 gale of wind and a snow-storm. This gale must have 

 been severe on the edge of the floe, wherever it may 

 be, for as the ice exerts a deadening effect on the wind, 

 we did not have, of course, the full weight of it. The 

 snow was driven in clouds almost horizontally. It was, 



