882 APPENDIX. 



with a three-foot space all around it, and a low pilot house for the 

 man at the wheel to stand inside the quarters and steer his trick at 

 the wheel ; another wheel being fitted aft for fine weather or sailing 

 the ship by the wind. 



Economic systems of heating the ship and distilling water for pota- 

 ble purposes are requisite and necessary, and I have no hesitancy in 

 saying that the freedom from scurvy enjoyed by the ship's company of 

 the Jeannette was wholly due to the system of ventilation, the use 

 of distilled water, and a liberal supply of food. For this purpose a' 

 heater and distiller are designed for cabin and forecastle, and the steam 

 after heating the apartments is condensed and used for drinking pur- 

 poses. A ship in the vicinity of glacier ice can dispense with the 

 steam heater, and use the less expensive system of stoves for heating. 

 To carry out these economic and sanitary arrangements a large supply 

 of coal is necessary : the ship as designed can stow two hundred tons 

 of coal. For ease and rapidity of working cargo an auxiliary boiler 

 and engine is fitted, which can also be used for working ship, raising 

 the propeller, receiving and discharging stores, unshipping the rudder 

 in time of danger ; and in case of the ship springing a leak the auxil- 

 iary engine can be used to work one or all six bilge pumps. Then 

 these pumps are of the simplest and most efficient kind, and can be 

 worked by hand while steam is being prepared. The bulkheads are 

 fitted in such a manner that they cannot leak, the inner and outer 

 planking of the ship being fitted and caulked against a double frame, 

 and the bulkheads in turn fitted to inner skin of ship, as set forth in 

 the drawings ; so that the bulkheads, in addition to being as strong a 

 truss as can be put in a ship, are watertight. No sluice valves are 

 needed, although fitted as a pair of pumps that can be worked by 

 hand or steam to each compartment. One peculiarity of the ship is 

 that the rudder can be lifted at any time, even while the ship is under 

 way, and can be used at any immersion from a foot of water near the 

 surface all the way down to its full draft of water. There is no lock, 

 and the rudder is outside of all parts of the ship, after the manner of 

 a Dutch galliot, and is made to slide up or down a bobb iron in lieu 

 of gudgeons and pintles. The iron plating is put on in a peculiar 

 manner with wood screw bolts, the edges of the sheets being beveled, 

 and the bolt holes placed and countersunk in such a manner as to 

 give a clean, smooth surface to the ship's bottom and sides. The keel 

 is fastened on outside of the plating, and in case of a great strain 

 being brought on the keel it is pushed off and lost without material 

 damage to the ship except sailing quality- A light house and deck 



