OCEANOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS 13 



Expeditions to occupy the Faroe Channel. On the representa- 

 tions of Murray and Tizard, H.M.S. " Knight Errant" in 1880, i^iunayand 

 and H.M.S. "Triton" in 1882, were engaged in re-examining j^^^/i^-j^i^u 

 the Faroe Channel. The result was the discovery of the Errant."' " 

 Wyville Thomson Ridge, which separates the warm and cold The "Triton." 

 areas, and accounts for the great difference in the marine faunas Wyviiie 

 in the deep water on either side of this ridge. Detailed lists of Rid^.^°" 

 the animals obtained by these four expeditions were published 

 in a paper by Murray,^ who shows that 216 species and varieties 

 were recorded from the warm area, and 217 species and varieties 

 from the cold area, while only 48 species and varieties were 

 found to be common to the two areas. 



From 1880 to 1883 the French ships " Travailleur " and The 

 "Talisman" investigated the eastern Atlantic, while from 1881 ;|,Travaiiieur." 

 to i88s the Italian ships " Washing^ton " and " Vettor Pisani," "Talisman." 

 the former in the Mediterranean and the latter during a ington." ^^ 

 circumnavigating cruise, were eno-apfed in biologrical and other The"Vettor 



. ,-r ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ * Pisani." 



scientihc work. 



In 1883 J. Y. Buchanan took part in the sounding expedi- ]■ v. 

 tion of the S.S. " Dacia," belonging to the India- Rubber, ^JJ^ ,^"j^"^j^„ 

 Gutta-Percha, and Telegraph Works Company, of Silvertown, 

 when surveying the route for a submarine cable from Cadiz to 

 the Canary Islands, which resulted in the discovery of several 

 oceanic shoals rising steeply from deep water ; and again in 

 1885-86 he joined the same company's S.S. " Buccaneer" while The 

 exploring the Gulf of Guinea, accompanied by a trained natural- "buccaneer. ' 

 ist, John Rattray, when valuable observations as to the depth, john Rattray. 

 temperature, density, currents, and plankton were made. 



During the years 1883 to 1886 the U.S.S. " Enterprise" The "Enter- 

 brought together a most important collection of deposit-samples p"^^" 

 taken throughout a cruise embracing all the great oceans. 



From 1884 to 1892 Murray investigated the sea- lochs John Murray, 

 along the west coast of Scotland on board his steam-yacht, the 

 " Medusa," and discovered in the deeper waters of Loch Etive ^^jg^j^i^^ - 

 and Upper Loch Fyne remnants of an Arctic fauna. The 

 physical results obtained were used by Mill in his Memoir on h. r. Miu. 

 the Clyde Sea Area.- 



Since the year 1885 the Prince of Monaco has carried on rrince of 

 oceanographical work in a systematic manner in the Mediter- 



^ "The Physical and Biological Conditions of the Seas and Estuaries about North Britain," 

 Proc. Phil: Soc. Glasgow, vol. xvii. p. 306, 1886. 



- Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vols, xxxvi. and xxxviii., 1891, 1894. 



