DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN 



The "Scotia.' 

 Bruce. 



The "Edi." 



The 



" Stephan." 



The 



"Planet." 



The 



"Albatross, 



1904. 



Alexander 

 Agassiz. 



The 



" Nimrod." 



Shackleton. 



James Murray. 



The 



" Fran9ais." 



The 



" Pourquoi 



pas ? " 



The 



" Deutsch- 



land." 



simultaneously engaged in the exploration of different portions 

 of the Antarctic regions, and in 1 902-1 904 the Scottish 

 National Antarctic Expedition on board the "Scotia" under 

 Bruce was likewise busy in the far south. The results of all 

 these expeditions have added very largely to our knowledge of 

 the oceanography of the Antarctic. 



Between 1903 and 191 1 the German ships "Edi," 

 "Stephan," and "Planet" took many soundings throughout 

 the different ocean 

 basins, the last -men- 

 tioned recording the 

 greatest known depth 

 in the Indian Ocean. 



In 1904 we find 

 the U.S.S. "Albatross" 

 again carrying on 

 oceanographical work 

 in the eastern Pacific 

 under the personal 

 direction of Alexander 

 Agassiz, the published 

 results constituting a 

 great advance in our 

 knowledge of the Pacific 

 Ocean. 



In 1907-1909 an- 

 other British Antarctic 

 Expedition on board 

 the " Nimrod," under 

 Shackleton, was en- 

 gaged in making scien- 

 tific observations and 

 pushing south beyond 



anything previously attained. The biological work was under 

 the direction of James Murray, formerly of the Scottish Lake 

 Survey, and the results issued under his editorship are excellent 

 in quality. 



Mention may also be made of the two French Antarctic 

 Expeditions under Charcot, the first from 1903 to 1905 on board 

 the " Francais," and the second from 1908 to 1910 on board 



Dr. Anton Dohrx, 



the " Pourquoi pas 



Still more recently the German 



Antarctic Expedition of 191 1 on board the " Deutschland " 

 has, during the outward voyage, taken valuable serial 



