CRUISES OF THE "MICHAEL SARS " 127 



thephyra, the only pelagic crustaceans found by us north of the 

 ridge being Hyinenodora glacialis and species of Pasiphcea. 



In the upper layers, however, different scopelids have been 

 found both by us and by others, and on the Norwegian coast 

 the silvery species of Argyropeleats, which inhabit depths of 

 about 300 metres in the Atlantic, have occasionally been met 

 with. It seems tolerably certain, therefore, that the Wyville 

 Thomson Ridge shuts out the whole of the Atlantic pelagic deep- 

 sea fauna from the Norwegian Sea, and that it is only in the 

 superficial layers from the surface down to 400 or 500 metres 

 that pelagic forms are able to wander in from the Atlantic. 



That the bottom -fauna is different on either side of the Benthos of 

 ridge is well known. Our trawlings, both on this occasion and ch^^ner 

 previously, have merely helped to confirm the fact ; still we 

 secured a very large amount of material, which in itself is of 



107. 



Paraliparis bathybii, Coll. Nat. size, 23 cm. 

 (Taken in pelagic haul in Norwegian Sea, May 1911.) 



considerable interest. At Station loi (south of the ridge), in 

 1000 fathoms (1853 metres) of water, a haul of two hours' 

 duration yielded a barrel-full of lower animals, most of which were 

 echinoderms, and ninety fishes (Alacrurus, Antimo7'a, Alepo- 

 cephalus, Harriotta, and Synaphobranchi), representing a fauna 

 that may be said to characterise the north-east Atlantic from 

 the Wyville Thomson Ridge southwards, far along the coast of 

 Africa. The remarkable fish, Hari'iotta raleighana, which we 

 captured at Station loi, a few miles from the deep water of the 

 Norwegian Sea, had been previously taken by us at Station 35, 

 to the south of the Canary Islands. On the other hand, fish 

 that exist only a few miles farther north, on the northern side 

 of the ridge, never enter the Atlantic, though in the deep water 

 of the Norwegian Sea they may be met with as far north as 

 Spitsbergen, and perhaps even still farther north. 



The "Michael Sars " anchored at Bergen on 15th August. E.xtent of 

 During her four and a half months' cruise she had traversed 1 1 , 500 ^^^ '^™'^^' 



