PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 



241 



(per cent) from the normal annual rainfall, (H.) for Chris- 

 tiania, (HI.) for Bergen, (IV.) for Germany; (V.) shows the 

 divergences in Norway during the months of October, November, 

 and December. On the whole, the rainfall corresponds well 

 with the transverse section of the coast-water some time after- 

 wards. The rainfall was comparatively small in 1902, and the 

 coast-water had a small transverse section in May 1903 ; the 

 rainfall was large in 1903, and there was much coast-water in 

 May 1904, and so on. The effect of the rainfall on the land is 

 not immediately felt in the coast-current off western Norway ; 



there is a delay which 



lani tars') /<xnQ zona. /on.^ ^ > 



seems to make it possible 

 to predict some time be- 

 forehand if there is going 

 to be much or little coast- 

 water. This is an ex- 

 ample of the predictions 

 likely to be undertaken in 

 the future, when the sea 

 and the air have been 

 more closely studied. 



We shall now, after 

 these introductory re- 

 marks, examine the ver- 

 tical distribution of salinity 

 in some different places, 

 as found in the cruise 



Fig. 166.— Curves showino the Variations in of the " Michael Sars." 



I. the transverse section of the coast-water off Feje pTJo- i f\i rp-nrf^cp^ntc fhf^ 



(May); II., III., IV., the annual rainfall for Chris- ^ ^- , ^y icpiCbCllLb LUC 



tiania, Bergen, and Germany respectively; V., the phySICal COnditlOnS a little 



. . ^_.-,___ xr ^-.. ._. ^^ ^^^ north of the Sar- Sargasso Sea 



gasso Sea, at Station 65, ""^sion. 

 on 25th June 19 10. In this, as well as in the following 

 figures, the continuous line indicates the salinity, the broken 

 line the temperature, and the dotted line the density.^ We 

 see that the salinity is greatest at the surface, 36.43 per 

 thousand; this is the result of the strong evaporation. It 

 decreases downwards, at first rapidly, then more slowly, more 

 rapidly again, and finally very slowly ; in the deep layers below 

 1250 metres the salinity is less than 35 per thousand, and 

 throughout the great body of the deep water 34.9 per thousand. 



^ The density is given in abbreviated form, e.g: 25.56 instead of 1.02556, and is indicated by 

 the Greek letter a (o-j being the density at the temperature zn situ disregarding the compression). 



rainfall in Norway dtu-ing October, November, and 

 December. 



