collected by 

 the " Michael 

 Sars." 



388 DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN chap. 



a few specialists, and are known only by Latin names, of 

 which most zoologists even are ignorant. Nevertheless these 

 names must be used if the reader desires to penetrate into the 

 general laws which govern the distribution of animals in the 

 ocean. In order to overcome this difficulty I commence this 

 chapter with systematic lists recording the different species of 

 fishes, and the details of their capture, accompanied by outline 

 drawings of the most important species. By means of these 

 lists the reader may easily obtain information as to what group 

 in the system a certain fish belongs, and further details will be 

 found in the literature of the subject.^ 

 Bottom-fishes During the many cruises of the "Michael Sars" probably 



all the species of fish which live in the Norwegian Sea and 

 the North Sea have been captured, but only the commonest 

 species will be treated of here. Nearly all the fish caught 

 during the Atlantic cruise in 19 10 will, however, be mentioned, 

 or at all events as many as the present state of the work 

 will permit. 



The following list includes all the forms captured by us in 

 the Atlantic which, according to our experience, must be con- 

 sidered as living mainly along the bottom. 



I. List of Fishes caught by the "Michael Sars" 



ALONG THE SeA-BoTTOM IN THE NoRTH ATLANTIC 



This list includes 138 different species belonging to almost all the 

 most important groups of bottom-fishes. Thirty-two species belong 

 to the order Plagiostomi, fishes with a cartilaginous skeleton, and 106 

 to the order Teleostei, fishes with an ossified skeleton. 



The Elasmobranchii. — Our list includes of the order Plagiostomi 

 the two sub-orders, Selachii (sharks) and Batoidei, with the family Raiidae 

 (rays), besides the order Holocephali with the Chimaeridae. 



Seventeen species are sharks (Selachii), including the large Atlantic 

 Notidamis, the small but numerous Scylliidas, which also go into the 

 Norwegian Sea. Of the large group of the Spinacidae, Acanthias -vulgaris 

 is caught by the nets of the fishermen in the North Sea ; it follows the 

 herring shoals, and is therefore called dog-fish by the fishermen. 



The two genera CentropJiorus and Spinax include deep-sea fishes living 

 on the slope. CentropJiorus is confined to the Atlantic only, and so is 

 CentroscylliuDi ; Spinax niger is caught in the Norwegian fjords also. 

 Two teeth of extinct species of sharks, CarcJiarodon and Oxyrhina, were 



' See, for instance, A. C. L. G. Giinther, An hitroduciion to the Study of Fishes, chap, 

 xxi., Edinburgh, 1880 ; Francis Day, The Fishes of Great Britain, Edinburgh, 1880-84 ; 

 Boulenger and Bridge, Fishes, in the Cambridge Natural History, 1904. The lists are arranged 

 according to the system proposed by Boulenger. 



