448 DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN chap. 



In the lists from the stations west of the British Isles we find 

 the northern forms : haddock, halibut, and tusk, but also forms 

 which never occur in the Norwegian Sea or the North Sea, 

 such as Capros aper and Centrophorus squamosus. The hake 

 (Merhiccitcs), the gurnard (Trigld), and southern flatfish 

 \Arnoglossus lophotes, A. laterna) also occur. 



To the west of Morocco the hake and the southern cod 

 {Gadus luscus), besides a few whiting, are the only representa- 

 tives of the cod family. Here we find no less than five 

 species of gurnards in one haul, mullets (Midlus surmiiletzis) , 

 and Sparidse [Pagellus centrodontus, Dentex maroccanus, and 

 D. macrophthalmus). In the deep haul in 535 metres we 

 observe the southern ling [Molva elongatd), Sebastes dactylop- 

 terus, and different Macruridse, along with Merliicmis (hake), 

 and Gadiculus argenteus. 



To the south of the Canaries the acanthopterygian fish 

 decidedly predominate. We find Sparidse {Dentex, Pagrus, 

 Sargiis, Box, Serranus, Scorpcsna, Mullus, Trachinus, Trigia). 

 There are also soles [Solea, Arnoglossus), hake, and anglers. 

 In shallow water we also meet with the young of different 

 herrings, such as pilchards, Clupea alosa, and anchovy. 



Thus the three series of hauls show the changes encountered 

 in the fauna, from the mingled community of boreal and 

 southern forms west of the British Isles to the entirely southern 

 fauna on the west coast of Africa. 



These records also serve to illustrate the catches of fishing 

 vessels on the European and African banks of the Atlantic. 

 As is well known, the trawling industry was developed in the 

 North Sea. When it was carried farther south along the Bay 

 of Biscay, along the coast of Portugal, and along the coast of 

 Morocco, the hake and the sole were first and foremost the main 

 objects of capture. These two species are still of first import- 

 ance to the trawlers. From Table B, page 442, we learn 

 that in the Bay of Biscay the hake constitutes 65 per cent, and 

 farther south 36 per cent, of all the fish caught. The valuable 

 sole constitutes no less than 16 per cent of the weight of all 

 the fish caught in the most southerly areas. The rays play an 

 important part (in the Bay of Biscay 15 per cent, farther south 

 2 1 per cent), but also the acanthopterygians (Pagel/ns, Mullus, 

 Dentex, etc.) are of great importance. I have obtained some 

 information on their catches off the Moroccan coast-banks from 

 trawlers, who tell me that the hake constitutes two-thirds of the 

 catch. The acanthopterygians very often make up one-fourth. 



