GENERAL BIOLOGY 



71, 



The exact experimental proofs as to migrations obtained 

 during recent years from the marking of fish are also of great 

 value. Marking experiments on marine fishes were started in the 

 'nineties of last century by C. G. J. Petersen, during his studies of 

 the life-history of the plaice. During the international investiga- 

 tions they have been carried out on a large scale, especially by 

 Heincke, Garstang, Trybom, and Schmidt, the investigations 

 by the last named on the migrations of cod and plaice at Iceland 

 having perhaps yielded the clearest results. The Iceland plaice 



Fig. 511.— Schmidt's marking Experiments showing the Migrations of Plaice in 

 Icelandic Waters. (From Schmidt. ) 



spawn during spring south and west of the island, but at other 

 times they migrate to the north and east coasts. Schmidt 

 marked a number of plaice in Skjalfandi Bay on the north coast, 

 and a number in Vapnafjord on the east coast (see chart, Fig, 

 511). He got a great many of these back from the west and 

 south coasts, where they were taken in the spawning season. 

 From the North Sea interesting results from marking experi- 

 ments are also available, but the fishes do not appear to migrate 

 to such an extent as in Icelandic waters. 



While investigating the fisheries and the whaling in northern 

 Norway, I was successful in obtaining similar conclusive 



