60 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



root of the neck the fibres of the intertransverse muscles are to some extent continuous 

 with those of the longissimus dorsi and longus colli externus. Their fibres extend from 

 the anterior dorsal vertebra behind, to the basi-occipital bone in front. As they pass 

 forwards they are inserted into the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae Ijetween 

 the origin of the extensor parvus colli above, and the bony spines which afi"ord insertion 

 to the tendons of the longus colli below. The anterior fibres of these muscles are inserted 

 by means of a special tendon into the hollowed surface of the basi-occipital bone, close to 

 the inner side of the tendon of insertion of the rectus capitus lateralis. 



Action. — The intertransverse muscles bend the neck towards the side on which they 

 act. 



Relations. — These muscles fill up the intervals between the cervical transverse processes 

 lying between the origin of the extensor magnus colli above, and the insertion of the longus 

 colli below. At their insertion into the basi-occipital bone their tendon separates the in- 

 sertion of the rectus capitis anticus major from that of the rectus capitis lateralis. 



Nerve supply. — Numerous branches from the cervical spinal nerves. 



Remarks. — In most of the birds dissected, and especially in Spheniscus minor, the 

 upper fibres of the intertransverse muscle form an almost distinct slip, which arises from 

 the transverse processes of the upper two or three cervical vertebrae, and is inserted into 

 the base of the skull. This is the " petit oblique de la tete " of Gervais and Alix. 



9. Longus colli. 



Long fled mseiir du coit, Vicq d'Azyr, 1773, p. .582, No. 4. 



Der lange Halsheuger, Wiedemann, p. 77. 



Der lange Halsheuger, Tiedemann, p. 291, Xo. 9. 



Longus colli, Owen, p. 29. 



Longus colli, Selenka, vol. vi. p. 100, Xo. 19. 



Long anterieur du cou, Gervais and Alix, p. 15. 



Attachments. — The longus colli arises from the hypapophyses of the last three cervical 

 and five anterior dorsal vertebrae. The muscular fibres separate into a series of separate mus- 

 cular slips, each of which is provided ■ndth a distinct tendon. These tendons pass forwards, 

 lying parallel to one another, and are inserted into well-marked bony spines of the cervical 

 vertebra, from the second to the eleventh inclusive. The tendons of the external fasciculi 

 are inserted into the posterior, while those which appertain to the internal fasciculi are 

 inserted into the anterior of the vertebrae named, the intermediate fasciculi from without 

 inwards being attached to successively higher vertebrae. 



A number of muscular fibres, moreover, which form what may be called an accessory 

 to the longus colli, arise from the inferior middle line of the various vertebrae to which 

 the tendons of that muscle are attached. They form a continuous longitudinal sheet 

 the fibres of which are dii-ected obliquely forwards and outwards, and are attached 

 to the tendons of insertion of the longus colli. 



