REPOKT ON THE SPHENISCID^. 85 



6. Subscapularis. 



Souclavier ea:<erwe (?), Vicq d'Azyr, 1772, p. 628, No. 2. 

 Sous-scapulaire, Cuvier, vol. i. p. 271. 

 Subscapularis, Wiedemann, p. 89. 

 Sous-scapulaire, Meckel, vol. vi. p. 40. 

 Unterschulterhlattmuskel, Schoepss, p. 128, No. 22. 

 Subscapularis, Eeid, p. 142. 

 Subscapularis, Selenka, Bd. vi. p. 113. 

 Sous-scapulaire, Gervais and Alix, 1878, p. 22. 



Attachments. — The subscapularis is a very small muscle, which arises from about half 

 an inch of the axillary margin of the scapula, immediately behind the articulation of 

 that bone with the coracoid. Its fibres almost at once unite with those of the coraco- 

 brachialis, and are inserted by means of a tendon common to the latter and the supra- 

 spinatus into the bony tubercle on the inner margin of the tricipital fossa of the humerus. 



Action. — This muscle depresses the wing at the shoulder joint, and approximates it 

 to the trunk. It also co-operates with the coraco-brachialis in rotating the humerus 

 inwards, and in this respect opposes the action of the pectoralis minor. 



Relations. — The muscle is separated at its origin from the lower border of the 

 infra-spinatus by the insertion of the serratus anticus minor, both of which lie above it. 

 Below it is the coraco-brachialis. 



Nerve supply. — A direct branch of the brachial plexus. 



Remarks. — Acc6rding to Schoepss {loc. cit., p. 130), the tendon of insertion of the 

 subscapularis in the Penguin unites with that of the pectoralis minor. Such is not the 

 case in any species of Penguin dissected by myself. 



7. Supra-spinatus. 



niiumero-scapulaire, Vicq d'Azyr, 1773, p. 569, No. 6. 

 Schulterarmmusliel, Wiedemann, p. 86. 

 Humero-seapularis parvus, Tiedemann, p. 310, No. 9. 

 Humero-scapularis parvus, Heusinger, p. 184, No. 9. 

 Sous-epineux, Meckel, vol. vi. p. 30, No. 6. 

 Svpra-siJinatus v. Teres minor, Schoepss, p. 107, No. 14. 

 Teres minor, Reid, p. 142. 

 Infraspinatus, Selenka, vol. vi. p. 113, No. 38. 

 Le petit rond, Gervais and Alix, p. 22. 



Attachments. — The supra-spinatus muscle arises from the anterior fourth of the dorsal 

 surface of the scapula posterior to the neck of the bone, trom which the fibres do not arise. 

 The fibres pass forwards and outwards to end on a tendon common to it, the coraco- 

 brachialis, and the subscapularis. This tendon is inserted into the bony tubercle on 

 the inner margin of the tricipital fossa of the humerus. 



