REPORT ON THE SPHENISCID^. 103 



MUSCLES OF THE LEG. 

 (a) Muscles inserted into the Femur. 



1. Gluteus medius. 



Moijen fessier, Vicq d'Azyr, 1774, p. 495, No. 4. 



Moyen fesaier, Cuvier, vol. i. p. 355, No. 6. 



Der grosse Hiiftmuskel, Merrera, fig. 3, I. 



Der grosse Oesdasmuskel, Wiedemann, p. 95. 



Der grosse Gesd^sniuskel, Tiedemann, p, 326, No. 1. 



Mogen fessier, Meckel, voL vi. p. 79, No. 1. 



Gluteus minimus (1), Reid, p. 143. 



Gluteus medius, Owen, p. 34. 



Gluteus medius, Selenka, vol. vi. p. 139, No. 76. 



Moyen fessier, Gervais and Alix, p. 31. 



Attachments. — The gluteus medius arises from the whole of the external surface of 

 the iliac bone as far back as the posterior border of the acetabulum, as well as from the 

 adjoining hollowed surface formed by the fifth, sixth, and seventh lumbo-sacral vertebrae. 

 The fibres pass nearly horizontally backwards and are inserted by means of a stout 

 tendon into a depression on the outer surface of the great trochanter of the femur. 



Action. — The principal action of this muscle is to rotate the femur at the hip joint in 

 such a manner as to carry the foot outwards from the trunk. The posterior fibres of the 

 muscle, moreover, act as direct abductors of the thigh bone. 



Relations. — Superficially it is concealed by the sartorius and tensor fasciae femoris. 

 In contact with its lower border is the gluteus minimus. Its insertion is close to, and 

 rather higher than that of the obturator externus. 



Nerve siqiply. — A branch of the anterior crural, which is given ofi" immediately after 

 the latter escapes from the pelvis. 



Remarks. — As observed by Gervais and Alix in Eudijptes chrysolophus, the 

 " pyramidalis," which in the majority of birds is quite distinct from the gluteus medius, 

 is fused with the posterior border of the latter in every species of Penguin which I have 

 examined. The direction of the fibres as distinguished from those of the gluteus medius 

 alone indicates its presence. 



2. Gluteus minimus. 



Petit fessier, Vicq d'Azyr, 1774, p. 495, No. 6. 



Petit fessier, Cuvier, vol. 1. p. 357. 



Der kleine Hiiftmuskel, Merrem. 



Der vordere Darmheimnii.skel, Wiedemann, p. 95. 



Der kleine Gesdssmuskel, Tiedemann, p. 327, No. 3. 



Muscle No. 2, Meckel, vol. vi. p. 80, No. 2. 



