REPORT ON THE SPHENISCID/E. 147 



proper, is developed in connection with the superior orbital artery, and occupies the upper 

 and posterior part of the orbital cavity. The second plexus, which is composed of larger 

 vessels than those of the orbital plexus, may be named the maxillary plexus. It lies 

 in contact with the upper surface of the pterygoid muscle, and is formed by the 

 anastomosis of branches derived principally from the inferior orbital artery, to which, 

 however, are united a large branch of the palatine, and a communicating branch of 

 considerable size, which unites the orbital with the maxillary plexus. 



II. — The Bronchial Arteries 



Come off from the aorta, just beyond the arch. They pass transversely outwards, and 

 enter the lungs along with the other constituents of the root. 



III. — The Intercostal Arteries 



Are six to nine in number on either side. They are distributed to the intercostal 

 spaces. The anterior arteries follow an oblique course forwards and outwards, while the 

 posterior course almost transversely outwards. These arteries, for the most part, lie in 

 the hollowed lateral surfaces of the bodies of the vertebrae, but the anterior, owing to 

 their oblique course, cross the bodies of two or more vertebrae. 



IV.— The CcBliae Axis.i 



The coeliac axis arises from the abdominal aorta, opposite the head of the seventh 

 vertebral rib. It passes obliquely downwards and backwards, and immediately above the 

 right lobe of the liver divides into the four following branches, — the splenic, anterior 

 gastric, posterior gastric, and intestinal arteries. 



(1) The Sjilenic Arteries are three or four in number. They are short arteries of 

 small size, which at once enter the substance of the spleen. 



(2) Tlie Anterior Gastric Artery is of considerable size. It passes horizontally back- 

 wards to reach the right margin of the stomach, along which it travels backwards as far 

 as the angle of junction of the glandular and muscular portions of that viscus, where it 

 breaks up into its terminal twigs. As it passes backwards, the anterior gastric artery 



1 Eeid (Proc. Zool. Soc, 1835, p. 145) thus describes the distribution of the eccliac axis in Aptenodytes patachonica : 

 — " The coeliac axis comes off on a level with the fifth rib ; it passes a little forwards, and divides into the coronaria 

 ventriculi, the hepatic, and the splenic. The coronaria ventriculi, just after its origin, divides into the superior and 

 inferior coronaries : the superior passes round the large curvature of the stomach, and near the pylorus gives off the 

 superior pyloric and left hepatic ; the inferior passes down the right side of the stomach, and disappears at the pylorus, 

 being here minutely ramified upon it. The hepatic gives off the right gastro-epiploic, which goes on the mferior 

 angle of the stomach ; and the right gastric, which goes on the ptyloriis and superior part of the stomach, anastomosing 

 with the superior pyloric and inferior coronary arteries. The splenic gives off a small artery distributed on the cardiac 

 portion of the stomach, and some msa h-evia, which are distributed to the left portion of the stomach." In respect 

 of details this description does not correspond vnth. what I have seen in any species of Penguin, in all of which 

 the arteries are distributed as described in the text. 



