KEPORT ON THE SPHENISCID.E. 155 



iinticus minor and pectoralis minor muscles, and unites with the large anterior thoracic 

 vein from the pectoralis major to form the subclavian. As the humeral vein passes 

 upwards it receives a branch of large size opposite the elbow joint. This branch is 

 formed by the union of several small branches, which arise near the tip of the dorsal 

 surface of the wing, and, after passing from the dorsal to the ventral or concave surface 

 of the organ, through the interosseous space between the radius and ulna, where it receives 

 some small twigs from the extremity of the concave surface of the wing, ascends to open 

 into the trunk of the humeral vein opposite the elbow joint. 



The Subclavian Vein 



Is formed by the junction of the humeral and anterior thoracic veins, close to the axUlary 

 border of the scapula. After entering the thorax, it lies parallel with and above the artery 

 of the same name, and terminates by uniting with the jugular to form the innominate 

 vein. The subclavian vein, liefore entering the thorax, receives a large branch from the 

 scapular region. This branch lies between the scapula and the wall of the chest. Within 

 the cavity of the chest the subclavian vein receives branches corresponding to those of 

 the companion artery. The vertebral vein, which closely accompanies the vertebral artery, 

 opens into the angle of junction of the subclavian and jugular veins. In some species 

 (Pi/gosceles) the vertebral vein joins the subclavian, while in others {SpJieniscus demersiis 

 and Spheniscus minor) it pours its blood into the jugular vein. In either case the termi- 

 nation of the vertebral is close to the point of junction of the great veins of the head and 

 wing. 



There is not the slightest appearance in the wing of the Penguin of a venous rete 

 mirabile, comparable to that akeady described in connection with the humeral artery. 



The Tnnomhiate Vein. 



Formed by the junction of the jugular and subclavian veins, the innominate vein (PI. 

 XL fig. 1) passes backwards, and crossing below the pulmonary and above the innominate 

 artery of the same side, opens into the cavity of the right auricle in the usual manner. 

 The position of the orifices of the innominate veins is described in connection with the 

 heart. Their cardiac extremities, as well as that of the inferior vena cava, are much 

 enlarged, and recal to mind the appearance of the corresponding dilatation of the inferior 

 vena cava of the Seals. 



The Crural Vein 



Is formed behind the knee joint by the union of branches which correspond to those of the 

 crural artery. It travels upwards along with that artery to the upper border of the adductor 

 magnus, over which it passes to reach the inner side of the thigh. From the inner side 



