REPORT ON THE SPHENISCTD^. 171 



membrane, which fills up the angle bounded by the two halves of the lower jaw bone. 

 The margins of this portion of mucous membrane are serrated, and form a double line of 

 stunted papillae, which project upwards and rest against the lateral margins of the 

 tongue. On each side of the floor of the mouth, immediately in front of the gape, is a 

 circumscribed group of conical papillae, the apices of which are directed backwards. 

 This group, for purposes of description, may be termed the buccal group. 



Tlie roof of the mouth or palate (PI. XIII. fig. 2), like the tongue, is covered by a series 

 of stout recurved conical papillse. These are arranged in six longitudinal rows, to which, 

 however, opposite the angle of the mouth, two others are added. There are therefore 

 eight rows in all, but only six of them extend the whole length of the palate. These 

 rows are arranged symmetrically — four on either side of the middle line. As on the 

 tongue, so on the palate, the largest papillse are met with in the central rows, those 

 forming the lateral rows diminishing gradually in size. In front the roof of the mouth 

 is completed by two elongated hardened plates, which fill up the angle formed by the 

 junction of the two superior maxillary bones of opposite sides. These plates are 

 smooth and altogether devoid of papillse. 



Salivary Glands. — The salivary or buccal glands consist of a number of secretory 

 follicles, which, in accordance with their position, may be divided into three groups. 



The first or parotid group is situated immediately behind the angle of the mouth. 

 The glands themselves lie immediately beneath the mucous membrane of the cheek, and 

 their ducts open by means of a linear series of apertures immediately behind the gape. 



■ The second or palatal group is met with beneath the mucous membrane of the palate. 

 The glands composing it are somewhat irregularly distributed, but are met with in 

 greatest numbers along a transverse line joining the two angles of the mouth. 



The third or lingual series consists of a quantity of isolated follicles situated on the 

 outer side of each of the laryngeal pads. The openings of their ducts are clearly dis- 

 tinguishable on the mucous membrane of this region. 



Variations in respect of the Mouth. 



In Eudyptes chrysocome from Kerguelen (PL XIII. fig. 1) the papillse covering the 

 dorsum linguae are arranged in seven instead of nine rows, as in Eudyptes chrysocome 

 from Tristan d'Acunha. Of these rows one corresponds to the middle line of the tongue, 

 while the others are placed three on either side of the middle line. 



In Eudyptes chrysocome from the Falkland Islands, the laryngeal pads together 

 measure fths of an inch in length and fths in greatest breadth. The papillse covering 

 them are of smaller size and less numerous than in the specimens of this species from 

 Tristan d'Acunha and from Kerguelen. Indeed the laryngeal pads of this species may 

 be said to be almost smooth. 



