REPORT ON THE SPHENISCID.^. 173 



laryngeal pads together measure 1 inch in length and fths of an inch in greatest 

 breadth, and are sparsely covered by conical papillae, which are of small size and 

 irregularly distributed. The mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth is provided 

 with a V-shaped fringe of delicate bayonet-shaped papillae, the bases of which are coal- 

 escent. The free portion of the tongue rests on the space bounded by this fringe. The 

 palatal papillae (PI. XIV. fig. 6) are arranged in six rows — -three on either side of the middle 

 line. Posteriorly they lose their linear distribution, and form, together with those of the 

 opposite side, an irregidar patch, which corresponds to the laryngeal pads behind the tongue. 

 The buccal group of papillae is of smaller size than in Eudyptes, and the papillae compos- 

 ing it are more diminutive and scattered than in that genus. In front the palate is 

 completed by a single smooth plate, which, in accordance with the interspace between 

 the superior maxillary bones of opposite sides, is much more elongated and slender than 

 in Etidyptes (comjjare figs. 2 and 4, PI. XIV.). 



The anatomy of the mouth of Spheniscus magellanicus (PI. XIV. figs. 3 and 4) agrees 

 in all respects with that of Spheniscus demersus, and therefore lends no support to the 

 view that the birds so named are specifically distinct. 



In Spheniscus mendiculus (PI. XIV. fig. 7) the tongue resembles in form that of 

 Spheniscus demersus and Spheniscus magellanicus. It measures \^ inches in length 

 and fths of an inch in breadth at the base. The lingual papillae at the apex of the organ 

 are arranged in three rows, to which farther back two others are added. The base of the 

 tongue, therefore, immediately in front of the laryngeal pads, presents no fewer than 

 five separate rows of papillae. One of these corresponds to the middle line of the tongue, 

 and two are placed on either side. The papillae themselves are of nearly uniform size 

 throughout. The laryngeal pads together measure fths of an inch in length and \ an inch 

 in greatest breadth. On these pads the papillae are arranged in two distinct rows — one 

 on either side of the laryngeal aperture. To the outer side of them, however, there is a 

 number of smaller papillae, which are irregularly distributed on the surface of each of 

 the pads. 



The floor of the mouth resembles that of Spheniscus demersus, as does also the buccal 

 group of papillae. The palatal papillae (PI. XIV. fig. 8) are arranged in four rows 

 anteriorly, two on either side of the middle line, but opposite the gape two other rows 

 make their appearance, so that at this point there are six separate rows of these structures. 

 Each of the two external rows consists of only six or seven papillae, of considerably 

 smaller size than those composing the central rows. Behind the gape these structures 

 diminish in size, and form, along with the continuation of the central rows, an irregular 

 patch, in which the linear arrangement is no longer recognisable. This patch, as in 

 Spheniscus demersus, corresponds to the laryngeal pads on the floor of the mouth. In 

 front the palate is completed by a smooth horny plate, which resembles in form the cor- 

 responding structure in Spheniscus demersus. 



