174 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



In S2)heniscus mendiculus I failed to recognise the lingual group of salivary follicles 

 met with in other species. 



In Sphenisciis minor the tongue is of the same form as in other species of the genus. 

 It measures 1 inch in length and ^th of an inch in breadth at the base. Its surface is 

 invested by five longitudinal rows of papillae, one mesiaUy placed and two on either side. 

 The papillae increase slightly in size from apex to base of the tongue. The laryngeal 

 pads together measure f ths of an inch in length and f ths in greatest breadth. They 

 are covered by a number of irregularly arranged papiUse, of smaller size than those which 

 cover the dorsum linguae. The floor of the mouth of Spheniscus minor difl'ers fi-om that 

 of other species of the genus, inasmuch as it presents no trace of the marginal bayonet- 

 shaped papdlge met with in the latter. The buccal group of papUlae is extremely small, 

 and the papillae composing it quite rudimentary. They resemble in their arrangement 

 the corresponding structures in the other species of S2:>hcniscits. The palate is provided 

 with six rows of recurved papilla, three on either side of the middle line. These rows 

 extend backwards as fiir as the gape, behind which they dwindle in size, lose their linear 

 arrangement, and form two irregular groups, one on either side of the middle line, much 

 as in the other species already described. The lingual group of salivary foUicles 

 is indistinguishable in Spheniscus minor. 



In Pygosceles tceniatus (PI. XV. fig. ]) the tongue, which measures 2| inches in 

 length and f ths of an inch in breadth at the base, presents a form intermediate between 

 that of Eudyptes and of Spheniscus. It agrees with that of Eudyptes, inasmuch as 

 its tip nearly reaches the symphysis of the lower jaw, but its form as a whole more 

 closely resembles that of Spheniscus. Its upper surface is covered by five longitudinal 

 rows of recurved papUlae. Those composing the central row are of larger size than those 

 nearer the margins of the tongue. All the lingual papdlae increase in size from apex to 

 base of the tongue, with the exception of those situated immediately in front of the 

 laryngeal pads, which are of somewhat smaller size than those covering the greater 

 part of the organ. The laryngeal pads together measure 1^ inches in length and fths 

 of an inch in greatest breadth. They are covered by a number of much smaller papUlse, 

 which are arranged in three rows on each side of the larnygeal slit, but externally are 

 irregularly distributed. The floor of the mouth is elongated, triangular in form, provided 

 on either side of the middle line with a single row of bayonet-shaped papillae. These 

 rows extend forwards from the gape, and meet in front so as to enclose a triangular space, 

 on which the tongue rests. The mucous membrane between these papiUar lines is thrown 

 into straight longitudinal rugae. The buccal group of papillae is arranged much as in 

 Spheniscus, but the papdlae composing it are of much larger size than in any species of 

 that genus. 



The palate of Pygosceles (PL XV. fig. 2) is covered -^dth stout recurved papillae, which, 

 an inch behind the union of the superior maxillary bones, are arranged in four rows — two 



