REPORT ON THE SPHENISCID^. 175 



on either side of the middle line. Passing backwards, these papillae increase in size as 

 well as in number, until opposite the gape in one specimen, there were five longitudinal 

 rows on either side of the middle line, while in a second specimen of the same species 

 there were no fewer than six, making twelve rows of palatal papillae in all. Posterior to 

 the gape, the palatal papillae dwindle in size, and form an elongated oval patch on either 

 side of the posterior narial aperture. These papillae disappear entirely at the entrance 

 of the oesophagus. Instead of being completed anteriorly by means of a perfectly smooth 

 horny plate, as in Eudfptes, Spheniscus, and Aptenodytes, that portion of the palate of 

 Pygosceles tceniatus is provided with two rows of well-defined papillae. The lingual group 

 of salivary follicles in Pygosceles is of relatively smaller size than in Eudyptes chrysocome. 

 In Aptenodytes longirostiis (PL XV. fig. 3) the tongue, which measures 2;^ 

 inches in length and fths of an inch in greatest breadth, more closely resembles that 

 of Spheniscus than of Eudyptes, both in respect of size and form. In both Aptenodytes 

 and Spheniscus the tongue naiTows gradually from base to apex, and in both there is a 

 considerable intei-val between the point of the tongue and the symphysis of the lower jaw 

 bone. The papillae covering the dorsum linguae are recurved, and are of nearly uniforrd 

 size throughout. These papillae are arranged in five longitudinal rows, of which one 

 occupies the middle line of the tongue and two are placed on either side. There is no 

 diminution in size of these papillae immediately in front of the laryngeal pads, and con- 

 sequently there is an absence in Aptenodytes of the special papillar patch which occupies 

 that position in Pygosceles. The laryngeal pads together measure \\ inches in length 

 and fths of an inch in greatest breadth. Each is covered by a series of papillae of 

 much smaller size than those which cover the tongue. They are arranged in four 

 somewhat irregular rows on either side of the laryngeal slit, and disappear entirely at 

 the entrance of the oesophagus. The floor of the mouth (PI. XV. fig. 5) is bounded 

 laterally by two rows of papillae. One of these, the external, extends from the gape 

 forwards to the symphysis of the lower jaw, and consists of bayonet-shaped papillae, 

 which at some places are ranged in single file, while at others they are placed two or 

 three abreast. The second or inner row is situated -Jth of an inch to the inner side of 

 the outer range. It corresponds only to the middle third of the latter, and consists 

 likewise of a series of bayonet-shaped papillae, which, however, are of smaller size than 

 those which constitute the outer row. The lower surface of the tongue occupies the 

 interval between the two inner rows. Internal to the second is a third row of very 

 minute papillae, which, commencing at the gape, extends forwards for a very short distance, 

 and does not meet its fellow of the opposite side behind the symphysis of the jaw. The 

 buccal group of papillae is more largely developed in Aptenodytes than in any species of 

 Penguin which I have examined. It consists of a large group of much elongated conical 

 papillae, the apices of which are directed backwards and come into contact with the 

 lateral margin of the tongue. 



