184 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



iscus demersus and of Spheniscus mendiculus. The posterior border of the gland is almost 

 straight, and coincides with the line of junction of the glandular stomach and gizzard. 

 Its anterior border, on the other hand, is much curved, and extends forwards on the 

 right wall of the stomach to a rounded point, whence it slopes obliquely backwards 

 and to the left. In consequence of this arrangement, the proventricular gland on 

 the right wall of the stomach measures If inches in breadth, while on the left it 

 diminishes to l^th inches. The larger portion of the gland consists of closely aggregated 

 glandular folUcles, but on the left gastric wall there is an interspace between its extremi- 

 ties, which measures 5th of an inch in breadth. This interval is not, however, devoid of 

 glands, but here they are much more sparsely distributed than elsewhere. Thus the 

 gastric gland of Spheniscus minor may be regarded as zonular in character, using the 

 term in the same sense as it has been employed when describing the corresponding organ 

 of Spheniscus magellanicus, and remembering that on the left wall of the stomach the 

 glands are fewer in number in a given space than on the right wall. The interior of the 

 gizzard does not differ, except in size, from that of Eudyptes chrysocome. The pyloric 

 aperture is situated on the right margin and anterior surface of the gizzard, 1 inch in 

 front of its posterior extremity. It is provided with a single valve-like fold of mucous 

 membrane. 



The stomach of the single specimen of Spheniscus minor which I dissected was empty, 

 with the exception of a few fragments of cuttle-fish beaks of small size. It contained no 

 gravel. 



In Pygosceles tceniatus (PL XYII. fig. 1) the stomach resembles in form that of 

 Eudyptes chrysocome (PI. XIII. fig. 3). In one specimen it measured 7, and in another 

 9 inches in length. When distended the glandular and muscular portions are separa- 

 ted externally by a slight constriction. The former measures 2f inches in diameter, and 

 the latter in one specimen measured 2, and in another 2f inches. On opening the 

 stomach, the proventricular gland is seen to form a complete belt, which entirely surrounds 

 the gastric cavity. The posterior border of the glandular belt is almost straight. Its 

 anterior border, on the other hand, is much curved. That portion of the gland which 

 lies in relation to the right wall of the stomach is considerably broader than that which is 

 situated on the left, and consequently the anterior border of the gland on the right wall of 

 the stomach is prolonged forwards to form a rounded angle which constitutes its highest 

 point. From this point the anterior border of the gland slopes obliquely backwards and to 

 the left, so that the left half of the glandular belt is considerably narrower than the right. 

 On the right gastric wall the glandular j^atch, in one specimen, measured 4 inches in 

 breadth, and in another 3 inches, while on the left it measured 2 and 1^ inches respec- 

 tively. As already remarked, the proventricular gland of Pygosceles forms a complete 

 zone, and differs in this respect from that of every other species of Penguin which I have 

 examined. A close approach to this arx-angement is met with in the stomachs of Splien- 



