REPORT ON THE SPHENISCID.^. 185 



iscus magellanicus and Spheniscus minor, but in both of these, as above noticed, the 

 glandular follicles are not so closely aggregated on the left wall of the stomach as else- 

 where. In these species, therefore, the gland shows a tendency to lose the completely 

 zonular character, and to approach that of other species in which the gland assumes a 

 less regular form. In Pygosceles, on the other hand, the gland follicles are as closely 

 aggregated on the left as on the right gastric wall, and hence every portion of the belt 

 presents a similar structure. The interior of the gizzard resembles that of Eudyptes 

 chrysocome, the mucous membrane forming well-marked rug^e, which communicate freely 

 with one another. The pylorus occupies the usual position on the anterior gastric wall. 

 It is defended by two nodular, valve-like folds of mucous membrane. 



The stomach and oesophagus in one specimen of Pygosceles was distended with a soft 

 pulpy mass, intermixed with which was an immense quantity of small fish bones. Several 

 fragments of Annelids were distinguished amid the pulp. The stomach, moreover, con- 

 tained about thirty small stones, varying in size from ^ an inch in diameter to that of small 

 gravel particles. In a second specimen of the same species, the stomach contained a 

 quantity of isopodous Crustacea, amongst which fragments of Oniscus were distinguishable. 

 About fifty small stones were also extracted from among the gastric contents. The 

 stones varied in size from that of a coffee bean to that of sand particles. 



In Aptenodyteslongirostris^ (PI. XVII. fig. 2) the stomach measures 8 inches in length. 

 The line of junction of its glandular and muscular portions is indicated externally by a 

 well-marked constriction. The glandular portion measures 2f inches, and the mus- 

 cular portion 3 inches in diameter. As a whole, the external form of the stomach 

 closely resembles that of Eudyptes chrysocome. In three of the four specimens of 

 Aptenodytes which I examined, the proventricular gland was of an irregularly oval 

 form, the long axis of the oval being placed transversely to that of the oesophagus. 

 In them the glandular patch occupied the right wall of the stomach, and measured 

 2f inches in greatest breadth, and 3| inches in length from side to side of the 

 stomach. In each of these specimens there was an interval on the left gastric wall which 

 was altogether devoid of glandular follicles, and in this interval the oesophageal rugte 

 were prolonged to become continuous with those of the gizzard. In the fourth specimen 

 of Aptenodytes the proventricular gland formed a comjilete zone, much as in Pygosceles. 

 In it the broadest part of the belt was situated on the right wall of the stomach, and 

 measured 4 inches in breadth, while on the left gastric wall it did not exceed 2 inches 

 in breadth. The occurrence in two specimens of one and the same species of Apteno- 

 dytes of a proventricular gland of different form is difficult to explain. In every other 

 species of Penguin which I have examined I have found the proventricular gland similar 

 in form in every specimen of the same species, and, taking into consideration the fact 



' In Aptenodytes patachonica the stomacli measures 4 inches in length and 2^ in breadth. — Reid, Proc. Zool. Soc, 

 1835, p. 147. 



(zool. CHALL. EXP. — PART XVIII. — 1883.) S 2-1 



