196 



THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



As in Eudyptes chrysocome from Tristan d'Acunha, so in the majority of the 

 Penguins, neither of the hepatic lobes presents any trace of subdivision. In one 

 specimen of Eudyptes chrysocome from Kerguelen, however, the left lobe of the liver 

 presented close to its posterior free margin a slight fissure. This occurrence ought 

 probably to be regarded as an individual peculiarity, as the fissure in question was 

 absent in every other specimen of the same species which I had an opportunity of 

 examining. In both specimens of Pygosceles tceniatus which I examined, the left hepatic 

 lobe was divided into two parts by means of a well-marked fissure, situated on the 

 inner or cardiac surface of that lobe. This fissure separated the inner third of the lobe 

 from the rest of the hepatic substance, but did not extend to the outer surface of the 

 lobe. This fissure is absent in every other species of Penguin. 



The right and left hepatic ducts in Eudyptes chiysocome are exclusively derived 

 from the corresponding lobes. Such is likewise the case in every other species, with the 

 exception of Sphenisctis magellanicus and Pygosceles tcBuiatus, in both of which the left 

 hepatic duct is not exclusively derived from the left lobe of the liver, but receives a 

 tributary duct from the right lolae. In every species the left hepatic duct enters the 

 intestine nearer the pylorus than the right duct. The only exception to this rule which 

 I met with, occurred in the case of a single specimen of Eudyptes chrysolophus, in which 

 the right duct entered the gut nearer to the pylorus than the left. Other specimens of 

 the same bird, however, presented the normal arrangement, hence it seems likely that 

 the unusual arrangement in the single case referred to was an individual peculiarity. 



The accompanying table shows the dimensions, in inches, of the gall bladder, hepatic 

 ducts, &c., in different species of Penguin. 



Specimen. 



No. 1 

 No. 2 



No. 1 



Length of left 

 hepatic duct. 



Distance from 

 pylorus of point 

 of entrance into 

 intestine of left 



hepatic duct. 



Length of right 

 hepatic duct. 



Distance from 

 pylorus of point 

 of entrance into 

 intestine of right 



hepatic duct. 



Eudyptes chrygocome, from Tristan d'Acunha. 



If 



Eudyptes chrysocome, from the Falkland Islands. 



Length of gall 

 bladder. 





H 



