COMMON MARINE FISHES 19 



lib. Length of anal base considerably greater than head 

 length. Deep bodied anchovy. .4 nchoa conipressa (page 33) . 

 9b. Mouth not unusually large ; maxillary does not extend beyond 

 eye. 

 12a. Yentrals attached entirely behind dorsal. 



Round herring. Etriimeus orthonops (not illustrated) . 

 12b. Ventrals attached partly or entirely under dorsal. 

 13a. Head length much less than depth of body. 



Shad, Alosa sapidissima (page 31). 

 13b. Head length not notably less than depth of body. 

 14a. Gill cover with low oblique ridges. 



Pacific sardine. SanUnops caerulea (page 29). 

 14b. No such ridges. 



Pacific herring, Cliipea pallasii (page 30). 

 3b. Two dorsal fins. 



15a. Lateral line present (do not confuse with a silvery or colored streak). 



Barracuda. Sphi/raeiin arpentea (page 55). 

 15b. No lateral line. 



16a. Anal fin with 2 or 3 spines at its front. 



Mullet, Miipil cephfihis (page 54). 

 16b. Anal fin with 1 spine at its front. 

 17a. Mouth with teeth. 



ISa. Teeth in bands, not forked. 



Jack smelt, Atherinopsis californiensis (page 44). 

 18b. One row of forked teeth (must be examined with a magnifying 

 glass). 



Top smelt, Atheriiiops nffinis (page 4,5). 

 17b. No teeth in the mouth Grunion, Leiiresthes tenuis (page 43). 



2b. Adipose fin present. 



19a. Scaly appendage above ventral fin base. 



20a. Anal fin with 9 to 12, rarely 13, rays (last ray may be branched at base 

 but is counted as 1) ; lining of mouth never dark. 



Trout, genus Salmo (page 37). 

 20b. Anal fin with 13 or more (rarely 12) rays; lining of mouth dark at least 

 in patches in adults. 

 21a. More than 170 oblique rows of scales across lateral line ; large black 

 blotches on back and tail. 



Pink salmon. Oncorhynchiis gorhiischa (not illustrated; see page 34). 

 21b. Less than 170 rows of scales across the lateral line ; variable black 

 spotting. 

 22a. More than 100 pyloric caeca. 



23a. Anal fin with 15 to 19 rays ; definite black spots on back and both 

 lobes of tail. 



King salmon, Oncorhijnchus tshawytscha (page 34). 

 23b. Anal fin with 13 or 14 (rarely 12. 15-17) rays; no defined spots on 

 back and tail. 



Chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (not illustrated; see page 34). 

 22b. Fewer than 100 pyloric caeca. 



24a. More than 30 gill rakers on the first arch ; finely speckled with 

 black on back and tail. 



Red salmon, Oncorhynchiis nerka (not illustrated; see page 34). 

 24b. Under 30 gill rakers on the first arch ; black spots on back and 

 upper lobe of tail. 



Silver salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (page 36). 

 19b. No scaly appendage above ventral fin base. 



True smelt, family Osmerida,e: (pages 41 and 42) . 



SECTION C 



Fish With the Ventral Fins Attached in Front of the Middle of the Pectoral Fins 



and With an Eye on Each Side of the Head 



la. Ventral fins completely joined. Maxillary greatly extended. 



Mudsucker, Gillichfhys mirabilis (page 116). 

 lb. Ventral fins separate. 



