22 PERCID^. 



plan ('Ax. a. 253, and y. 328), of which he says* there are four kinds, 

 three being distinguished by their yellow, white, and dark blood-red co- 

 lours, and the fourth (called also Euopus and Aulopus) by its dusky eye- 

 brow or eye-circlet, seems at least to be compounded of a Lampris : the 

 sharp fore-edge of whose dorsal fin was very likely to suggest the story 

 ('Ax. y. 33) embodied somewhat previously by Plutarch in liis treatise De 

 Solertia (Reiske, x. p, 68), and considerably earlier by the Roman poet in 

 the foregoing extract from his Halieutics ; and the gay florid colouring of 

 which agrees well with the hint afforded by the etymon of av0iug, viz. 

 avdog, a flower. 



The Madeiran Anthias rarely exceeds eight or ten inches in length. Its form Is 

 oblong, and compressed ; the greatest depth, at the origin of the pectoral or ven- 

 tral fins, is about one fourth of the entire length, or one third of the length to the 

 root or base of the middle rays of the caudal fin. The back is rather high and 

 arched ; but its degree of elevation varies in different individuals, some being 

 considerably more hump-backed than others. Line of the belly nearly straight 

 and horizontal ; a little prominent only at the throat, just before or underneath 

 the pectoral fins. The thickness, greatest on the shoulders, is contained about 

 two and a half times in the depth. 



The length of the head is less than the depth of the body. The profile descends 

 gradually and evenly, but rather steeply, from the first ray of the dorsal fin or 

 a little before it ; rising into a slight prominence before the eye, and thus giving 

 the muzzle a somewhat swollen appearance : this part, though short, is rather pointed 

 and projecting. Whole head scaled, except an ill-defined and narrow space before the 

 eye on each side of the muzzle, the lips, and the edge or border of the front, above 

 the upper lip. Maxillaries scaled completely over their exposed parts. Subor- 

 bitaries scaled, except their fore ends, which are traversed by the smooth band 

 or space before the lower fore corner of each eye. Cheeks and opercles also scaled 

 all over. A narrow ill-defined band of minute scales, extends forwards from the 

 corners of the mouth along the branches of the lower jaw, becoming narrow and 

 evanescent towards its tip. The top of the head is slightly convex and scaly. 

 Nostrils remote : the hinder a distinct round orifice close to the edge of the orbit, 

 above the fore part of the eye, within the scaly part ; the anterior is smaller, in- 

 distinct, and placed both considerably forwarder and lower, near the tip of the 

 muzzle, in the naked part. The eye is large and beautiful ; its diameter nearly 

 equals one third of the length of the head. The orbits are quite plain and un- 

 armed. 



The mouth is of moderate size ; the commissure, w^hen closed, is considerably 

 oblique ; the lower jaw somewhat slender, and longer than the upper. The ends 

 of the maxillaries are broad and strong. In the upper jaw, the intermaxillary 

 teeth form a very narrow band, the outer row of which is larger ; on the sides 

 they are hooked forwards, straighter towards the front ; with one or two in front 

 on each side considerably larger, straighter, and a little inclining forwards. Pa- 

 latines and vomer not copiously scobinate. 



^av^oi T , apyivvoi t£, to oi rp'trov a,\f/,a, KiXccivoi' 



aXkous Sivuxau; n xai aiXu-rov; xccXiouiriv, 



avviKtx. Toli Ka.6u'7tlohi ikiiTiTo/u,-iV>i xara xvKkev 



iippu; nipiiffira TtipiSpo/^o; IffTUpdveorai. 'AX. a. 254 — 258. 



