MUGIL CORRUGATUS. 157 



genuine pciffT^iv^ in tlie Mediterranean : the word Kzar^zvg seeming to 

 be employed by him sometimes generically, like Ki(paXog in 0. §. 2, or 

 our Mullet * Oppian and ^lian speak only of the ziipaXog and KSffr^sug; 

 the latter, however, distinguishing a sharp-nosed sort of KS<poc,Xog from the 

 ordinary kind (lib. i. cap. 12). But Hicesius again, in Athenseus, 

 (vii. 77, Dindorf, 2. p. 667,) mentions under the generic name Xivxiffzog 

 four kinds : viz. %B(pakot, Kiar^zig, yp^ung^ and f/jV^7voi. And this is 

 the conclusion which long after, in the sixteenth century, Rondelet 

 adopts : calling his first sort zi^ocXog or Cephalus, and Capito ; his second 

 xifTT^&vg or Cestreus, which he very inaccurately observes is also called 

 v}j(Trig,-f' and (Sa/c^o?,:}: and "Trs^cciag,^ and (ragyTvog ;\\ his third XiXcuv, 

 Labeo or Chelon ; and his fourth fiv^ajv, or ^hZpov, or f/juB,ivog, Myxon. 

 From this conclusion, as it has been mentioned, Willughby, Artedi, 

 and Linnaeus, with their followers in the eighteenth century, fell back ; 

 and it was only at its close, or from the beginning of the present century, 

 that juster views began to reappear. 



By the successive labours of Laroche, of Risso, Savigny, the Prince of 

 Musignano, and, above all, of the illustrious Cuvier, six common Medi- 

 terranean species have been ascertained, and accurately by the last-named 

 author and his able coadjutor, M. Valenciennes, defined. Of these, two 

 only until recently had been discovered m the British seas ; but Mr. 

 Yarrell has with his accustomed exactness and research been enabled 

 to detect a seventh European or third British kind. Whether the pre- 

 sent species, perfectly distinct among the three inhabiting these coasts^ 

 from all of these, may be considered as an addition also to the European 

 race, will depend upon the views held of the proper geographical rela- 

 tions of Madeira. 



Of the three Madeiran species of Grey Mullet, one, M. cephalus, 

 Cuv., is so rare and local, that the fishermen are wholly unaware of its 

 existence ; but the other two are recognized in Funchal, if not generally 



* Schneider reads in two places (E. ff. 6 and z. it. 1 ), where the word is plainly used generically, 

 xitTT^aios for KKFT^iu; : but this seems scarcely necessary. In the beginning of ©. S. 2, KiffT^thi is 

 also unequivocally used generically without the article ; and then, in the next sentence, with the 

 article. " ' AXXnXeKpayoviri Ss •^ravris /*lv -rXiiv xiffT^iois, fJuaXiSTO, oi oi yoyy^oi. 'O di xn^aXoi xai 

 Kiffr^ius oXais f^ivoi oil <ra.pxe(p6tyeu(ri.'''' But even in this latter sentence xirr^ihs is not neces- 

 sarily used specifically, as at first it seems to be : for, presently after, the author speaks of " •ra; 

 x£o-T|su;," and of two sorts of xi^aXos : so that both words may be used alike generically in both 

 sentences of the above quotation. 



t Dorion, in Athen. vii. 77. Confer Arist. 0. S. 2 ; et supra, p. 156, note. 



+ Hicesius, in Athen. loc. cit. : who says that the ;^;£XX&;v, not the xirr^iis, is so called. 



§ This is rather a descriptive epithet than name ; and it is besides applied by Aristotle to a 

 xiifaXos, not xiffT^ih;. See Arist. ©. 2. 2, or note at p. 156, supra. 



II This is merely Rondelet's conjectural emendation for trd^yos in Arist. E. 6. 6. 



Tl Viz. M. corncffatus. Nob. ; M. auratus, Risso ; and M. cephalus, Cuv. 



