254 BULLETIN OF THE 



3.t Turdus Pallasi Cabanis. Hermit Thrush. 



Tardus solitarius Wilson, Am. Orn., V, 95, 1812. Not the figure (pi. xliii, 2), 

 which is of T. Stvainsoni. Not T. solitarius Linne. — Bonaparte, Geog. 

 and Comp. List, 17, 1838. — Audubon, Synop., 91, 1839 — Ibid., Birds 

 of Amcr., Ill, 29, pi. cxlvi, 1841. 



Turdus minor Bonaparte, Obs. on Wilson's Nomenclature, Journ. Phil. 

 Acad., IV, 33, 1S24. — Nuttall, Man. Am. Orn.. I, 346, 1830. — Audubon, 

 Orn. Biog., I, 303, pi. lviii, 1831. — Ibid., V, 445, 1839. — Gambel, Proe, 

 Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill, 113, 1846. — Giraud, Birds of Long Island, 90, 

 1843-44. 



Turdus Pallasi Cabanis, Wiegm. Archiv, I, 205, 1847. — Baird, Birds N. 

 Am., 212, 1858. — Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 2, 1862. — Baird, Review 

 Am. Birds, Part I, 14, 1864. —Allen, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 514, 

 1868.— Ridgway, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., XXI, 128, 1869. 



Turdus nanus Audubon, Orn. Biog., V, 201, pi. ccccxix, 1839 (T. minor on 

 the plate). — Ibid., Birds of Am., Ill, 32, 1841. — Baird, Birds N. Am., 

 213, 1858. — Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 2, 1862. — Baird, Rev. Am. 

 Birds, I, 15, 1864.— Ridgway, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., XXI, 129, 

 1869. — Cooper and Baird, Orn. Cal., I, 4, 1870. 



Turdus Audubunii Baird, Rev. Am. Birds, I, 16, 1864. — Ridgway, Proc. 

 Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., XXI, 129, 1869. 



Merula solitaria Swainson, Faun. Bor. Amcr., II, 184, pi. xxxvii, 1831. — 

 Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 191, 1844. 



Merula silens Swainson, Faun. Bor. Amcr., II, 186, 1831. — Sclater, Cat. 

 Am. Birds, 2, 1862. 



Common. Last seen about March 25th. 



As already observed in the remarks under Turdus Sicainsoni, I regard 

 the Turdus yianus of authors as identical with T. Pallasi. The assumed 

 differences arc slight and inconstant, and seem to be principally individual 

 variation ill color. Although of late supposed to be exclusively western, 

 representing 0I1 the Pacific slope the T. Pallasi of the Atlantic and Central 

 States, Audubon's original specimen came from Pennsylvania, though lie 

 subsequently received it from the valley of the Columbia River. In his 

 "Synopsis" he gives its habitat as "Columbia River. Accidental in the 

 United States." His description of its color is identical with that he gives 

 of T. Pallasi (T. solitarius And.), even the words used being almost 

 entirely tin; same throughout each description. In size, however, he 

 gives T. nan its as being one inch less in length and one inch less in extent 

 than 7'. Pallasi. Since Professor Baird, in 1858, recognized the T. nanus 

 as a valid species and its habitat as " Pacific coast of North America to the 

 Rocky Mountains," and restricted the 7'. Pallasi to "Eastern North Am- 

 erica to the Mississippi River," the validity of T. nanus has been gener- 

 ally accepted. Professor Baird himself, however, speaks of it in this work 



