274 BULLETIN OF THE 



middle of the belly," etc. He adds : " This species is the smallest of its 

 group, and differs from all in the much greater amount of spotting on the 

 under parts. The streaks, indeed, extend over the whole breast and upper 

 part of the abdomen, instead of being mainly confined to the jugulum." It 

 differs, he says, from P. alaudinus "in the strong shade of yellow on the 

 head, the much darker tints above, and the thick crowding of larger and 

 better defined spots beneath, with a faint tinge of reddish." lie refers to 

 it three specimens from San Francisco, Benicia, and Petaluma, California. 



In 1858 Professor Baird added still another species of Passerculus to 

 those previously recognized, through the redescription of the original type 

 of this group, the Emberiza sandwichensis of Gmelin, based upon La- 

 tham's Sandwich Bunting * and Pennant's Unalaska Bunting.f The name 

 Sandwich, as Professor Baird has remarked, refers not to the Sandwich 

 Islands, but to Sandwich Sound, on the northern coast. To this species 

 Baird judiciously refers the Emberiza arctica of Latham J and Vigors, § 

 and the E. chrysops of Pallas. || Professor Baird's description of it is as 

 follows : " Almost exactly like P. savanna, but half an inch larger, with 

 much larger bill. Length, 6.12 ; wing, 3.00 ; tail, 2.55. Habitat, north- 

 western coast, from the Columbia River to Kussian America." He also 

 further observes : " This species is extremely similar to the P. savanna, and 

 is only distinguishable by its greater size and more western locality. The 

 tail feathers also are rather more acutely pointed. There is also a greenish- 

 yellow shade on the top and sides of the head, brighter than is seen in P. 

 savanna. The bill is considerably larger and longer, measuring .51 of an 

 inch above instead of .44." To this is referred one specimen from " Rus- 

 sian America," one from Fort Steilacoom, W. T., and three from Shoal- 

 water Bay, W. T., three of which measure as is indicated in the above- 

 quoted description, and the other nearly three fourths of an inch less. 



In respect to size, then, it appears that the so-called P. sandwichensis is 

 the larger, the P. savanna the next in size, P. alaudinus the third, ami /'. 

 anthinus the smallest. So, at least, it is claimed ; but from the measure- 

 ments published in Birds of North America, a female of P. savanna from 

 Carlisle, Pa. (No. 780), is, with one exception (No. 4340, from Browns- 

 ville, Texas), the smallest of the specimens of this genus of which meas- 

 urements are there given ; two others from Pennsylvania are below the 

 average of A alaudinus. No. 10,203, from Russian America, referred to 

 P. sandwichensis, is scarcely larger than an average P. sava?ina. The 



* Latham's Synopsis, Vol. II, p. 202, 1783. 



t Pennant's Arctic Zoology, Vol. II, Species No. 229, pp. 320, 368. 



X Indian Ornithology, Vol. I, p. 414, 1790. 



§ Zoology of the Blossom, p. 20, 1839. 



|| Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, Vol. II, p. 45, pi. xlviii, fig. 1, 1811. 



