MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 



411 



List of Circumpolar Species. (Continued.) 



Species. 



'^ 



Pagophila eburnea . . 

 X.-in.'i S iliini .... 

 Ki.-s.i tridactyla . . . 

 Khodostethia rosea . . 

 Larue glaueus .... 

 Larus inariiius 

 Larue leucopterus . . 

 Larus argentatus . . 

 Buphagus skau . . . , 

 .>tercorarius pomarinus 

 'Sterrorarius parasiticus 

 Stt'tyorarfus " Buffoni" 

 Ttfalassidroma Leachii . 

 gowceps grWigena . . 

 l'ni'licr-|is cetnutus . . . 

 I'nclici j.s -cristatus . . 

 Podict'ps.auritus . . . 

 Colymbus torquatus 

 Colymbus arcticus . . , 

 Colymbus septentrionalis 

 Fratercula arctica . . 



Uria grylle 



Lomvia svarbag . . 

 Lomvia troile . . . . , 

 Mergulus alle 



Boreal Limit Austral Limit 



in the Breeding in the Breeding 



Season. Season. 



Arctic Realm 

 Hudson. Fauna 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Arctic Realm 

 Hudson. Fauna 

 Canad Fauna 

 Hudson Fauna 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Hudson. Fauna 

 Hudson. Fauna? 

 Hudson. Fauna? 

 Hudson. Fauna? 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Allegh. Fauna 

 Allegh. Fauna 

 Allegh. Fauna 

 Allegh. Fauna? 

 Allegh. Fauna 

 Hudson. Fauna 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Canad Fauna 



Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 ■> 



Hudson. Fauna 

 Hudson Fauna 

 Hudson. Fauna 

 Hudson. Fauna 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 

 Arctic Coast 



Boreal Limit 

 in Winter. 



Austral Limit 

 in Winter. 



Huds. Fauna 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Allegh Fauna 

 ? 



Canad Fauna 

 Louis. Fauna 

 Allegh. Fauna 

 Trop Realm 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Canad Fauna 

 Allegh. Fauna 

 Allegh. Fauna. 

 Allegh Fauna? 

 Louis Fauna 

 Louis Fauna 

 Louis. Fauna 

 Louis. Fauna 

 Florid. Fauna 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Canad. Fauna 

 Allegh. Fauna 

 Carol. Fauna 

 Carol Fauna? 

 Allegh. Fauna 

 Allegh Fauna 



Summary of the Preceding Table. — The whole number of species in 

 the preceding list is 93. Its most striking feature is the great pre- 

 dominance of the water birds, less than one third of the whole being land 

 birds. Of the 27 land birds, 7 are owls, 6 are hawks, and 5 belong 

 to the family Fringillidce ; 9 species embracing all the representatives 

 of other families. The water birds include 1 heron, 14 Grallce, 17 

 Anatidce, 19 Laridce, 5 Alcidce, 3 species of Colymbus, and 4 of Podiceps. 



In summer 65 species are inhabitants of the Arctic coast and adjacent 

 seas ; 22 have their boreal limit near the northern border of the Hua- 

 sonian Fauna; 2 are similarly limited by the Canadian Fauna, 5 by the 

 Alleghanian, 3 by the Carolinian, and 1 by the Louisi'anian ; 3 are essen- 

 tially tropical aquatic species. 



Seven seem to be altogether restricted in the breeding season to the 

 Arctic Realm ; 36 find their austral limit during the same season near 

 the southern border of the Hudsonian Fauna; 23 are similarly limited 

 by the Canadian, 9 by the Alleghanian, and 3 by the Carolinian, while 

 10 extend nearly to or within the Tropical Realms, 4 being also inhab- 

 itants of the greater part of the southern hemisphere. 



The winter quarters of the land birds of this list are the cold-temper- 

 ate and middle-temperate districts of the northern hemisphere. Most 

 of the water birds visit the warm-temperate parts of the same hemi- 

 sphere ; a considerable number also visit the tropics, and a few wander, 

 at this season, over the greater part of the warmer regions of the globe. 



