HAIRLESS DUIKER AND DOG, AND BULLDOG-HEADED CALF. 249 



animals the part which selection has taken in their production 

 is unknown, and tlie magnitude of the original variations 

 cannot be ascertained." 



Prof. Bateson is inclined to think that from the first the 

 variation leading to the short-faced condition was definite 

 and striking. 



Short-faced or bulldog-headed fishes are comparatively 

 common, and this variation or " sport " has been noticed in 

 several different species. In the case of the trout there even 

 seems to be a local race of short-faced individuals in Lochdow, 

 near Pitmain, Inverness-shire. 



In the bulldog-headed carp (Cyprinus carpis) the face 

 ends more or less abruptly in front of the eyes, while the 

 toothed lower jaw projects forwards. Quite similar variations 

 have been noticed in the chub, minnow, mullet, pike, salmon, 

 and trout. 



Although the specimens of the bulldog-headed calves 

 above described can only be regarded as monstrosities, yet 

 they are of interest in disclosiug the possibilities of variation 

 in a living organism. 



The causes which lead to such a variation are, of course, 

 very obscure ; but in the present case hereditary influences 

 had to be carefully considered, as it was improbable that the 

 direct action of the environment would have such a profound 

 effect on the offspring, especially since many quite normal 

 calves were, and are being, born under the same conditions. 



Mr. Christy has been good enough to supply me with 

 details of the ancestry of the abnormal offspring. 



Some eighteen years ngo a bull and cow, which were not 

 related to each other, were imported from the Cape. They 

 were hornless, and were of a breed resulting from a cross 

 between the Friesland and Kerry. The cow had a markedly 

 wrinkled brow and rather broad snout. 



The result of this union Avas a bull owned by Mr. Campbell. 

 This bull was subsequently mated with another imported Cape 

 cow, which was a Dexta Kerry with nohoims. There resulted 

 a Kerry bull^ which was acquired by Mr. Christy. The bull 



