110 HUGH WATSON. 



when, in 1885, he published a description and three figures of 

 the external characters of a specimen in the British Museum, 

 labelled " Cape Colony." He thought that the animal was 

 nearly related to Testacella ; and as he showed that it had 

 no mantle on its back, he suggested that the generic name 

 should be changed to A per a. 



In 1890 Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell ^ published a short descrip- 

 tion with measurements of what appears to be the same 

 specimen, and he said that Heynemann's name would pro- 

 bably have to be used, as Chlamydophorus (differing from 

 Binney's name only by one letter) had been employed hj 

 Harlan for a genus of Mammalia in 1825. 



In 1892 Mr. E. A. vSmith - described the external characters 

 of a new species of A p e r a , very different f I'om A . g i b b o n s i , 

 which Mr. H. C. Burnup had found in Natal, and he named 

 it Apera burnupi. He also thought that Apera was the 

 best name to use, as Chl'.imydophorus had been employed 

 in the Mammalia, but he attributed the latter name to Agassiz 

 {' Nomenclator Zoologicus, Mammals,' 1842, p. 8), instead of to 

 Harlan. Prof. Cockerell ^ then discovered that Apera was 

 preoccupied in botany, and therefore thought that it might 

 be better to use Binney's name with the original spell- 

 ing. He placed the genus in the Testacellidog. On the 

 other hand. Dr. Simroth,^ after studying Heynemann's article, 

 suggested that the genus might be allied to the Janellida?, 

 its carnivorous characters having arisen independently of 

 those of Testacella. He thought that the fragmentary 

 condition of the shell, as found by Binney, might be natural ; 

 but had difficulty in explaining how it was that Apera had 

 two pairs of tentacles and Janella only one. In 1895 

 Apera and Clilamy de phorus were treated as though 

 they were separate genera by Dr. A. H. Cooke.'' 



1 -Ann. Mug. Nat. Hist." (6th ser.). vol. vi. p. 390. 



2 'Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.' (6th ser.), vol. x. p. 466. 

 •■> ' Conchologist; 1893, vol. ii, p. 206. 



■* ' Nacktschnecken, Deutscli-Ost-Afrika.' 189.5. ex. vol. iv, p. 20. 

 •' • The Cambridge Natural History,' vol. iii. " Molluscs and Brachio- 

 pods,' pp. 333, 334, 440. 



