660 J. W. BEWS. 



with steep sides which are covered with this loose debris, 

 while the bottom is filled with enormous boulders, below 

 and over which the mountain stream flows, the water being 

 beautifully clear and very different from the muddy streams 

 of the Midlands. The open talus-slopes receive the greatest 

 amount of insolation, while the smaller ravines vary according 

 to their exposure. There are places which never receive any 

 direct sunlight and are inhabited by shade or hydrophilous 

 chomophytes. 



In some of the larger ravines we find trees belonging to 

 the scrub or stream bank types already described, e.g. 

 Myrsine melanophleos, Vangueria lasiantha, Cus- 

 sonia spicata, Pterocelastrus sp., Bxcoecaria sp., 

 and dwarfed yellow-woods. Up to about 7000 ft. Leuco- 

 sidea sericea often dominates. 



In the upper ravines, however, and en the loose talus. 

 slopes, we get vegetation consisting of low sclerophyllous 

 shrubs, seldom more than a few feet high, commonly with 

 cricoid and pinoid leaves. Other xerophytic modifications, 

 such as woolly coverings of hairs, are fairly common, 

 especially among the smaller species, and the root systems of 

 all are extensive and fibrous. The mesophytic and hydro- 

 philous chomophytes already described are, however, mixed, 

 and many of the species belonging to this type could be 

 classified among the chomophyte vegetation. This sclero- 

 phyllous type is similar to that Avhich is much more exten- 

 sively developed in the south-western region of Cape Colony, 

 and since it closely resembles the MAqnis (Macchia) of the 

 Mediterranean region it has been described for Cape Colony 

 under that name by Schimper, Warming, and more recently 

 and in greater detail by Marloth.^ The Dutch apply the term 

 Fynbosch to it in South Africa, and this term is here 

 adopted. The preservation of such local designations serves 

 a very useful purpose in distinguishing the separate develop- 

 ments in different countries of what is essentially the same 

 type, and it is probably better to retain South African names 

 1 Mill-loth, R., ' Das Kapland,' Fischer (Jena, 1908). 



