^624 C. B. HARDENBERG. 



•distinguished from the miscellaneous debris with which the 

 ground is covered. 



The " Lictor Bagworm/' Clania moddermanni 

 Heylaerts (fig. 5), uses small sticks which are rounded off 

 at both ends and are attached lengthwise to the bag and 

 fastened along their entire length. These sticks are as long 

 as or longer than the inner casing, and, being put parallel 

 and close together, give the bag a solid, cylindrical appear- 

 ance. The sticks are not all of equal length and generally 

 there are one or two extending beyond the bag for a con- 

 siderable distance. 



The " Grass Bagworm " (fig. 6) (species as yet undeter- 

 mined) takes thin, hollow grass-culms, cut off to approxi- 

 mately equal sizes, and attaches them lengthwise to its bag, 

 giving the appearance of a neat, cylindrical little bundle. 

 These hollow straws are fastened to the silken case, if not 

 for their entire length, then at least for a. considerable 

 distance. 



Another group of bagworms are in the habit of attaching 

 the various adornments crosswise to their bags. The 

 '"^ Meadow Bagworm," Trichocossus arvensis Janse, 

 whose bag is shown in fig. 7, takes for this purpose small 

 pieces of the blades of grass, which are smoothly applied 

 to the casing over their entire length, thus following its 

 curvature. The result is a smooth, more or less cylin- 

 drical bag, lined transversely. 



The " Crossed-stick Bagworm," Gymnelema vinctus 

 {Wlk.), oi the Cossidffi, takes small pieces of grass culms, 

 or little twigs, or the midribs of leaves, which are attached 

 to the casings tangentially at about their middle, the free 

 ends pi-ojecting (fig. 8). Each following stick has its end 

 crossed over that of the preceding one, and the outline of 

 the bag, around the projecting ends of the component sticks, 

 becomes roughly pentagonal, the diameter of the bag, and 

 thus the length of the sides, increasing toward the upper 

 •end, the mouth or neck, of the bag. 



A similar, but less regular, arrangement of the sticks is a 



