SOUTH AFIilCAX BAGWOKMS. 631 



the [Lictor Bagworm, the Thatched Bagworni, and in fact all 

 the bagwonns of the true Psychid type, only the males are 

 winged, while the females are vermiform, wingless creatures 

 which never leave their bag during their short period of 

 reproductive activity. In the Wattle Bagworm all vestiges 

 •of legs have disappeared in the female, while in the females 

 of the others, the Lictor and the Thatched Bagworms, these 

 legs are rudimentary and are represented by forked mem- 

 ibranous appendages of the thorax. 



In the second group, to which belongs the Sand Bag- 

 worm, the females are destitute of wings, but have functional 

 legs. The female leaves the bag, but remains attached to it 

 •on the outside near the lower end, and deposits her eggs in 

 that position. 



In the third group, the Webbed Spiral Bagworm and other 

 species of Melasina, we find the females with rudimentary 

 wings and functional legs. These females are capable of 

 restricted locomotion only, and remain attached to their 

 bags. 



In the fourth group, including the Crossed-stick Bagworms 

 and other Cossids and also some species of Melasina, the 

 females are fully developed moths, and fly actively like the 

 males. 



We find also a great diversity in the habits of fiight in 

 connection with the reproductive functions. In those groups 

 where the females are incapable of locomotion the males are 

 very active creatures. The massive thorax, the pointed 

 fore wings Avith the small hind wings and the short pointed 

 abdomen, indicate that they are strong, rapid flyers. They 

 fly during the daytime, the Wattle Bagworm in the sun- 

 shine only during the brightest part of the day, and the 

 Thatched Bagworm and the Lictor Bagworm in the late 

 afternoon. 



Thus far we have had no opportunity to observe, under 

 natural field conditions, the males of the second and third 

 group, but in the laboratory they became active in the evening 

 and they are probably crepuscular in their habits. 



VOL. 3, PART 3. 42 



