632 C. B. HARDENBERG. 



Of the Crossed-stick Bagworm, as a representative of the 

 fourth group, we know that both sexes fly at night, and ai-e 

 then attracted by the light. Specimens of both sexes have 

 been captured as late as 11 p.m. on the window in front of a 

 lamp. 



In all tlie groups the length of life of the male is very 

 short, a few days at the most. The females enjoy a longer 

 period, and may live for several Aveeks, 



(5) Reproduction. 



From our present experiences we are inclined to believe- 

 that parthenogenesis does not occur in any of the species of 

 bagAvorms which we have observed. In all these the males 

 appear to be as plentiful as tlie females, or are even in the 

 majority, and we have failed in all our experiments to hatch 

 young from eggs laid by females to Avhich males had had no 

 access. In the case of some European species of bagworms a 

 number of parthenogenetic generations are followed by the 

 emergence of individuals of both sexes and mating takes place. 

 We have bred only a few generations of certain bagworms, 

 but all have proved to be of both sexes, and we are probably 

 safe in deciding that these species of bagworms only reproduce 

 in the normal, sexual manner. 



Egg-laying. — The females of the first group deposit their 

 eggs in the empty pupa-case. The female is merely an 

 animated mass of eggs, lyiug Avith its head doAvuAvard, facing 

 the lower opening of the bag, the eggs are pushed out and 

 gradually fill the upper cavity of the pupa-case until the 

 female is spent. The body of the female shriA^els and retreats 

 until at last it drops out of the bag to the ground and dies. 

 The eggs are closely packed together and are mixed with a 

 quantity of hairs from the abdomen of the female. To these 

 hairs are added very fine strands of silk, the origin of Avhich 

 has not yet been ascertained. 



The fecundity of the females is amazing ; in the Wattle 

 BagAvormAve have counted a maximum of OA^er 3000 eggs, the 



