SOUTH AFRICAN BAGWORMS. 669 



cylinder of tough white silk, attached to the upper and the 

 lower neck of the bag and fVee in the centre, extending as a 

 hollow column through the centre of the cavity of the bag, 

 and just Avide enough to accommodate the pupa to be formed. 

 The caterpillar then turns round and lies with its head facing 

 the lower opening. The change into the chrysalis now takes 

 place, and the last larval skin, much broken and com- 

 pressed, is pushed to the very top of the cocoon. The males 

 pupate about a month earlier than the females. 



(7) The Pupa. 



Male Pupa. — Length of pupa 12 mm., width 4-'25 mm., 

 with the place of greatest width across the humeri or place of 

 insertion of the front wings, depth 4'75 mm. near the caudal 

 edge of the mesothorax. 



(leneral form slender, with humped back due to the 

 prominence of the mesothorax, and with the last three 

 segments of the abdomen cui-ved ventrad. The entire pupa 

 has a somewhat shrunken appearance, not plump and rounded 

 like most other pupa3. Posterior edges of the abdominal 

 segments vei'y prominent, giving the abdomen a telescoped 

 appearance (text-fig. 3, a, b, c). 



Greneral impression of sculpture: smooth, subshiny. 



Colour dark reddish brown, nearly black when mature, 

 ventral aspect of wing-cases and the last two abdominal 

 segments lighter in colour. There is no bloom on the pupa. 



Head medium-sized, slightly protruding ventrad, shiny, 

 very finely punctulate (text-fig. 3, d). Clypeus short, 

 transversely striate, directed dorso-caudad, thus causing* a 

 transverse depression in the pupa at the end of the labrum. 

 Paraclypeal pieces distinct, roughly triangular in outline, fiat 

 and transversely sti'iated, not convex and rugose as in many 

 Psychidae. Labium long with the labial palpi minute, 

 showing as small rounded lobes at its distal end. Maxillary 

 palpi large, distinct, extending caudad as far as the tip of the 

 labial palpi. 



