44 AVEST AUSTRALIAN PITCHER-PLANT, 



of the glands. They are sometimes covered with a network of 

 hyphae, apparently of the same kind as those found on the hairs 

 externally. Several of the main veins of the pitcher enter the 

 gland mass and send out anastomosing branches. 



Minute Structure. 



Epidermis of lid, outer surface. — The epidermal cells have a 

 wavy outline (fig. 3) like that on the ordinary leaves. There are 

 many stomates also, like those on leaves (fig. 2). The small glands 

 are very numerous, and consist of 2-8 cells (fig. 8). They resemble 

 the glands of Sarracenia figured by Geddes (7). The walls are 

 thicker than those of the ordinary epidermal cells, and are very 

 refractive. The simplest form is rhomboidal, and divided into 

 two b}^ a curved partition across the shorter diameter (fig. 8 a). 

 These are comparatively rare, the ordinary type being 6-8-sided, 

 sometimes with a re-entrant angle, with an internal rhomboid 

 divided into two, so that there are six cells (fig. 8 6). They 

 average 0"0508 mm. in length. The contents stain very readily 

 with safFranin, and the walls also take the stain. Sometimes, 

 however, the latter remain unstained, and from their strong 

 refractile powers, contrast brilliantl}^ with the stained contents. 

 The stiff hairs stand on raised papillae formed by two circles of 

 pentagonal cells radiating from the base of the hairs, the cells of 

 the outer circle being larger. The epidermis on the areolae of 

 the lid is similar to that on the rest of the surface ; no hairs 

 emerge here. 



Epidermis : inner surface of lid. — In surface view the cells are 

 roughly hexagonal, with the greater length lying along the lid. 

 The epidermis pouches downwards and backwards (that is, 

 towards the hinge) in each cell, so that the apex or point overlies 

 the base of the next cell, as the scales on a fish overlap (fig. 9), 

 and from the base fine lines converge to the point. In section 

 the cells show as teeth pointing backward (tig. 10) and becoming 

 longer as the cells are nearer the insertion. These projections 

 continue from the lid down the inner collar, becoming longer till 

 they reach their greatest length at the reflection of the ledge 



