1913.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 585 



three regions by the Central Plain, which extends diagonally across 

 the island from St. John's Harbor in the northwest to Willoughby 

 Bay in the southeast; a region that is generally flat and at no great 

 elevation above the sea, but with several hills rising from the plain 

 to an altitude of 200-350 feet. To the northeast of this Central 

 Plain is the marl or limestone belt, a region of undulating land 

 at a somewhat higher elevation than the Central Plain (150-200 feet), 

 with hills rising to 250 up to 350 feet; and in the southeast, in St. 

 Philip's Parish, to an elevation of above 400 feet. To the southwest 

 of the Central Plain is the more mountainous part of the island, the 

 distinctly volcanic portion, where the hills rise to an elevation in 

 some cases of more than 1000 feet. The highest of these hills is 

 Boggy Peak, with an elevation stated as 1360 feet, and several others, 

 as Bottle Peak and McNish Mountain, reach 1000 feet. These hills 

 are of volcanic materials and show, as Spencer points out, the erosion 

 features of a mountain plateau region, with narrow ridges separating 

 the valleys. No distinct volcanic cone exists in this part of the 

 island, but several hollows in the hills have been described as volcanic 

 craters. It is doubtful if any crater is still in a recognizable state in 

 the island. The hills around Five Islands Harbor are of the same 

 volcanic materials as those in the southwest of the island, but here 

 again there is no definite crater, unless indeed the basin of the harbor 

 represent such a one. Southwest of the Central Plain the ground 

 is too hilly to allow of large continuous cultivations such as are found 

 in the Central Plain and in the limestone country to the northeast, 

 and in this volcanic portion extensive cultivation has been largely 

 abandoned, although the woods have been mostly cut off for fire wood. 

 The rest of the island is and has been under cultivation for a long 

 period mostly in sugar cane, and, like all of these sugar-producing 

 islands, the land is held by large estates. The only considerable 

 town is the capital, St. John's, where there is a hotel. Access to 

 outlying localities must be had mainly by driving. In this way I 

 visited points along the coast and certain places in the interior. 

 Such localities as could be reached by walking from St. John's were 

 also visited. As the island is not large, the three weeks spent at 

 St. J(ihn's enabled me to visit most of the localities where fossils were 

 likely to be met with. I was also able to examine collections of the 

 rocks of the island at the office of Mr. Tempany, and Mr, Forrest 

 presented me with specimens of the landshells and some fossils. 

 To compare with the marine shells found in the soil of the Central 

 Plain, collections were made of the marine fauna along the shores 

 39 



