1905.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 699 



while in one place I collected the introduced Linaria elatine trailing 

 over the ground on the limestone rocks. 



Cedar Forest Formation. 

 This formation has been dignified by the name of forest although 

 no true forest exists on the islands, for the reason that the growth 

 of the cedar trees Juniperus bermudiana is too open and the trees are 

 not tall and dominant in the forest sense. All of the hillsides and 

 hill summits not under cultivation are covered with the cedar 

 Juniperus bermudiana with the admixture of Sabal Blackburrnana 

 This species of juniper is a rapid growing ^^^/^^^^Tl'Lt 

 merchantable size (two to three feet in diameter) but it ditteis 

 from the eastern American species (J. virgimana) in branching moie 

 freely. It produces fruit in abundance. It is hard to determine 

 the character of the original undergrowth. Now it consists of two 

 species of Lantaua (L. imolucraia, L. camara), the prevadmg Ner^u:m 

 oleander, Lvppin nodiflora, Solidago sempervirens and _S^s1/r^nc^^^m 

 bermudianum. The rock crevices are filled with a d^icate endemic 

 fern, Adiantum bellum. Bryophyllum calycinum (the f^oppers ot the 

 natives) is perhaps the most abundant plant in the ^"^^^ergrow*^' f 

 is found in all parts of the islands. The ground beneath the cedars is 

 carpeted with the crabgrass Stenotaphrum americanum m the absence 

 of other plants. Here and there the botanist meets with an mtro- 

 duced tree, such as Citharexylum quadrangulare , Buddleia amencana, 

 Crescentia cujetc, Hura crepitans, Duranta Plnmieri, which together 

 with certain weeds enter into this formation and change its constitu- 

 tion In abandoned cellars surrounded by cedars, one frequently 

 sees Ficus carica, Nicotiana glauca, Bryophyllum calycinum, etc. 



Limestone Sinks Forest Formation. 

 The so-called Walsingham Tract and several places near Harring- 

 ton Sound on the south shore are characterized by the Presence of 

 numerous depressions, or sinks, as well as several caves. The Wal- 

 singham Tract, a narrow ridge of land about two miles long, ajid from 

 a quarter to half a mile wide, which separates Castle Harbor from 

 Harrington Sound, contains within its bounds nearly the whole of the 

 indigenous flora of the islands. The following list of plants given by 

 Lefroy includes plants of West Indian origin and their survival onthe 

 Bermudas is, I think, due to their growth in the limestone depressions 

 many feet below the general surface, protected from the cutting blasts 



