720 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Oct., 



CATALOGUE OF THE LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLTJSCA OF TAIWAN 

 (FORMOSA), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 



BY HENRY A. PILSBRY AND Y. HIRASE. 



Early in the present year Mr. Okiira, collecting for Mr. Hirase, pro- 

 ceeded to Taiwan (Formosa), with instructions to confine his attention 

 chiefly to collecting land shells. He succeeded in getting a large num- 

 ber of species, but many of them only in small quantity, so that the 

 expedition, while laborious and expensive, was hardly productive of 

 so large a supply of specimens as anticipated. The number of species 

 taken (71) was, however, greater than any previous naturalist has ob- 

 tained, and adds largely to our knowledge of the distribution of known 

 species, besides augmenting the total number of land snails known 

 by the discovery of some 27 new species and 13 subspecies. 



The number of species taken is so considerable that it has been 

 thought useful to add the names of all previously known Formosan 

 snails, making the list complete for the island. 



Our first knowledge of Formosan land and fresh-water shells was from 

 specimens collected by H. B. M. Vice-Consul Robert Swinhoe, who, 

 though chiefly interested in the higher Vertebrates, accomplished a 

 vast amount of work on invertebrate groups as well. His first sending 

 of land shells to Hugh Cuming, in London, was worked up by Dr. Pfeif- 

 fer,^ the marine and fresh-water forms being identified by H. Adams 

 and Cuming himself, and the list published by Frazer.^ Subsequent 

 sendings were described by Henry Adams. ^ 



Few if any additions were made to the list of land snails until the 



' Descriptions of thirteen new species of land-shells from Formosa, in the col- 

 lection of the late Hugh Cuming, collected bv Mr. Robert Swinhoe, Vice-Consul 

 of that island. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer. P. Z. &., 1865, pp. 828-831, pi. 46. 



No localities are given for the species described in this paper, but we know from 

 a letter from Swinhoe published in P. Z. S., for 1864 that these shells were chiefly 

 from Tamsui in northern Formosa, a few from Takow in the south. 



^ List of species of moUusks recently collected by Mr. R. Swinhoe in Formosa, 

 etc. P. Z. S., 186.5, pp. 196, 197. 



List of species of moUusks recently collected by Robert Swinhoe, Esq., H. B. M. 

 Vice-Consul, C. M. Z. S., in Formosa. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 146. 



^ Description of fifteen new species of land and fresh-water shells from For- 

 mosa, collected bv Robert Swinhoe, Esq., Consul at Taiwan in that island. Proc. 

 Zool Soc, 1866, pp. 316-319. pi. 33. 



Descriptions of ten new species of land and fresh-water shells collected by Rob- 

 ert Swinhoe, Esq., in China and Formosa. P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 377-379, pi. 27. 



