1905.] 



NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 



721 



end of the next decade, when Surgeon-General R. Hungerford, Ritter 

 von Fries and a few other naturahsts visited the island. Their col- 

 lections were worked up chiefly by Dr. O. von Mollendorff, who pub- 

 lished the results in his enlightening series of papers upon the Chinese 

 snail fauna.* Meantime the Melaniidce collected by IMr. Dickson had 

 been described by Mr. E. A. Smith .^ After von Mollendorff 's depar- 

 ture for Manila the field was left to Mr. B. Schmacker, then of Hong- 

 kong, whose material was obtained in part from several German friends 

 who travelled in Formosa, but largely by his Japanese collector who 

 spent over three months there in the latter part of 1889. The materials 

 gathered were ably worked up by Schmacker and Boettger.^ From 

 1891 until this time, only a few inconsiderable additions have been 

 made to the list of Formosan mollusks. The data for the principal 

 papers may be tabulated thus: 



Authors. 



Pfeiffer, 1865 



H. Adams, 1866, 70 



Moellendorff 



Schmacker and Boettger, 1S90-'91 

 Pilsbry and Hirase 



Described as new 

 Species. Subspecies. 



13 

 18 

 6 

 13 

 29 



2 



7 

 13 



No. of species recorded , 



based on new 



material. 



13 

 18 

 23 

 57 

 80 



The total number of land shells now known from Formosa is 127 

 species and 17 subspecies; of fresh-water shells 26 species. Refer- 

 ences to literature have in most cases been restricted to original 

 descriptions and citations pertaining specially to Formosa. In the 

 case of well-known species ranging also outside of the island, references 

 not dealing with Formosa have been omitted. 



*Materialien zur Fauna von China. Jahrbilcher der Deutschen Malakozoolog- 

 ischen Gesellschaft, IX (1882), X (1883), XI (1884), etc. 



" Descriptions of five new shells from the island of Formosa and the Persian 

 Gulf, and notes upon a few known species. P. Z. S., 1878, pp. 728-733, pi. 46. 



" Neue Materialien zur Characteristik und geographischen Verbreitung chines- 

 ischer und japanischer Binnenmollusken. I. Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen 

 Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, Jahrg. XXII,' 1890, pp. 113-137; II, Jahrg. 

 XXIII, 1891, pp. 145-194, pis. 1, 2. 



47 



