willard: cranial nerves of anolis carolinensis. 25 



front, generally an epipterygoid present". . . . (p. 178). The labelled 

 drawings of the skull (Plate 1, figs. 1-3), and the cross-section 

 drawings (Plates 4-7) furnish all the description called for in this 

 connection. Certain cartilaginous elements appearing in the sections 

 were not preserved in the preparation of the skull. 



2. Hyoid Apparatus. 



The hyoid apparatus is entirely free from any cranial attachments. 

 "The hyoid system in lizards consists of a glossohyal, which is con- 

 tinuous with a basihyal tract, a hj^pohyal, often continuous with the 

 basihyal tract, a ceratohyal, a iirst ceratobranchial, and a second 

 ceratobranchial, which is always continuous with the basihyal tract. 

 There may be in addition an epibranchial, which belongs to the first 

 ceratobranchial" (Cope, p. 189). Taking Anolis carolinensis as 

 typical of the genus in this respect. Cope (p. 232) says, "the hyoid 

 apparatus has the extreme development seen in all the lizards with a 

 gular compressed pouch or fan. That is, the ceratobranchials of the 

 second pair are closely appressed and produced to a great length. 

 First pair of ceratobranchials and ceratohyals simple, the latter at- 

 tached to the extremities of the moderately developed hypohyals." 



G. CUTANEOUS SENSE ORGANS. 



The cutaneous innervation and the epidermal sense organs deserve 

 exhaustive study in the reptiles in view of the fact that these sense 

 organs are apparently absent as such in mammals, although abundant 

 in the Amphibia and fishes. On the other hand, mammals possess 

 dermal tactile organs of problematic origin. Inasmuch as some new 

 facts are presented in this general account of Anolis, a Jjrief statement 

 of what has already been described within the group of reptiles is 

 necessary. Maurer ('95, p. 228) refers to Reinhardt's ('61) article 

 in which 191 species of snakes were examined for the epidermal sense 

 organs. In 85 of these nothing of this nature was found; in 44 species 

 there was one organ, and in 62 species two organs, to each scale. 

 Maurer's ('95, p. 17, 196-239) own work covers the field sufficiently 

 for our purpose. This can best be understood by reference to his 

 text figures (9-14), which include most of his illustrations relating 

 to the distribution of these sense organs. Besides Hatteria, only one 



