willard: cranial nerves of anolis carolinensis. 35 



One (Plate 4, fig. 9, lug. Ig. 1) forms the lateral wall of the tongue at 

 its base and continues forward in the same relative position finally to 

 dwindle out in the mucous membrane anterior to the sublingual gland 

 (Plate 4, fig. 8). For practically its whole distance it is closely ad- 

 herent to the mucous membrane lateral to the tongue proper. The 

 second part of this muscle {Ing. Ig. 2) separates from the ventro-median 

 side of the common bundle and has nothing to do directly with the 

 tongue or mucous membrane. It passes forward as a free bundle to 

 be attached to the anterior end of the mandibular ramus (Fig. E). 

 Its action is to pull the Ijase of the tongue forward. In addition to 

 these longitudinal muscles there is an intrinsic musculature. A 

 detailed analysis of this is not attempted, but it is somewhat as fol- 

 lows : — At about the level of the larynx there appears in cross sections 

 a mass of transverse fibers {Ing. t.) applied to the dorsal face of the m. 

 genioglossus and a mass of vertical fibers (Ing. vrt.) on the median side 

 of the same muscle (Plate 4, figs. 10, 11). Farther cephalad this 

 intrinsic tongue musculature becomes what might be called a vertical 

 decussating, system; these fibres, originating along the median side 

 of m. genioglossus and around the glossohyal, cross the median plane 

 just dorsal to the latter and radiate up into the long lingual papillae, 

 which are well developed in the subterminal region of the tongue 

 (Plate 4, fig. 9). 



The innervation of the tongue musculature is from the main bundle 

 of nerve XII, although a part of this innervation occurs distal to the 

 anastomosis of XII with lingual V, making an analysis by means of 

 sections impossible. However, other facts, to be referred to later, 

 support the assumption that lingual V provides a general cutaneous 

 sensory component to the papillae and mucous surface in the 

 anterior part of the mouth cavity, that the chorda tympani comes in 

 with it to innervate the taste buds, and that XII innervates the 

 tongue musculature. 



3. Muscles of the Hyoid Apparatus. 



M. ccrato-mandibularis 1 (kcr-md.-^ = mylohyoides, Sanders). This 

 is a broad, rather thin muscle (Figs. E, F, G) having its origin 

 along the inner margin of the dentary bone and inserted along the 

 whole extent of the cerato-branchials I. 



M. cerato-mandibularis 2 (kcr-md.^). This is a compact bundle 

 (Fig. F) having its origin on the ventral face of the anterior end of the 



