willard: cranial nerves of anolis carolinensis. 63 



VII joins the motor root and the combined roots pass out through the 

 foramen as one (Plate 6, fig. 18). 



The motor root leaves the brain just ventral to the fibers of nerve 



VIII where it is joined by the sensory root. It was traced centrally 

 as a distinct bundle near to the ventro-lateral floor of the fourth 

 ventricle. Here the root bundle becomes diffuse and its nucleus of 

 origin was not identified among the several groups of cells occurring 

 in this locality. 



The motor components of the facial are all included in the hyoman- 

 dibular nerve (hy-md.), -with a distribution posterior to the ear. The 

 viscero-sensory components are distributed anterior to the ganglion, 

 the roof of the mouth being supplied through the palatine ramus 

 {pal. VII), while the tongue and adjacent regions are supplied by the 

 chorda tympani {cd. tym.), which leaves the ganglion in company with 

 the motor elements and includes the sensory components of the hyo- 

 mandibular nerve. 



The geniculate ganglion (Plate 3, fig. 7, Plate 6, fig. 18, gn. VII.) 

 lies closely applied to the cranial wall just outside the foramen (Plate 

 1, fig. 2, for. VII), through which the roots make their exit. It is a 

 small ganglion, but one readily demonstrated by dissection. Fischer 

 ('52) found it in all cases, but Watkinson (:06) states that in Varanus 

 VII shows no swelling at the point where the ganglion should appear. 



(1) Ramus palatinus VII (Plates 2-6, pal.). This is composed 

 wholly of fine lightly meduUated fibers of quite uniform character. 

 This at least is the condition presented by the sections. The pres- 

 ence of some non-medullated fibers cannot be denied, however, in 

 regard to any nerve described. The source of these medullated fibers 

 of the palatine nerve is twofold: (1) from the cells of geniculate 

 ganglion, and (2) from fibers carried in the communicating branch 

 between the IX + X complex and nerve VII. The latter is known 

 in lower groups of vertebrates as Jacobson's anastomosis, where it is 

 homologized with the pretrematic ramus of IX and considered viscero- 

 sensory in character. It was pointed out by Cole ('98, p. 145) that 

 many fishes show this communicating ramus as combined sympathetic 

 and viscero-sensory components derived from IX. This appears to 

 be the condition in Anolis. The connection is by one or two fine 

 strands (comn. i.), which lie close to the artery just outside the ear 

 capsule (Plate 3, fig. 7). They come into the proximal part of the 

 palatine ramus where some, if not all, of the medullated fibers of the 

 communicating ramus join those of the palatine to be distributed 

 with the latter. Other fibers, for the most part non-medullated. 



