willard: cranial nerves of anolis carolinensis. 71 



Gaupp ('88) made a comparative study of the innervation of the 

 mouth and nasal glands in vertebrates. Of the saurians he studied 

 Chamaeleo, Platydactylus, and Lacerta. He also described the con- 

 ditions in the other reptilian orders. His results for the lizards, briefly 

 summarized, are as follows. 



Superior labial glands innervated by maxillar}' V in the maxillary 

 part, by the ophthalmic V (nasalis) in the premaxillary part, possibly 

 by Vn also. Median palatine glands by palatine VH exclusively. 

 Lateral palatine glands by V and VH. Inferior labial glands by the 

 terminal twigs from ramus alveolaris inferior V. Sublingual gland 

 by lingual V and chorda tympani VH. Lingual glands same as sub- 

 lingual. On the basis of innervation he homologizes the palatine 

 glands of the lizard with the "Rachendruse" (Born '76) of Amphibia, 

 and the reptilian sublingual with the mammalian sublingual and sub- 

 maxillary. In the nerve distribution described, Gaupp recognized 

 the essential relations between V an,d VII in both upper and lower 

 mouth wall that have been pointed out in Anolis. He does not take 

 into account other structures associated with the glands, which might 

 account for the presence of certain nerves in proximity to them; 

 for example, the taste buds, which are universally present wherever 

 glands occur within the mouth region (not including the labial glands) . 

 Nor does he recognize important visceral elements in the form of 

 sympathetic fibers which are carried by all these nerves and whose 

 relation to the glands is not well understood. 



O. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE. 



Nerve IX is connected with the brain by two roots (Plates 2, 3, 

 figs. 6, 7), a dorsal fine-fibered and a more ventral coarse-fibered root. 

 Both roots appear at about the same point in the series of cross 

 sections, which, because of the flexure of the medulla, would indicate 

 a more posterior position for the ventral one. The dorsal root is 

 composed wholly of fine fibers of the viscero-sensory type. The 

 ventral is presumably a motor root because the fibers are similar 

 to the motor components of VII and may be traced directly through 

 the ganglion and to its union with XII along with some of the fine 

 fibers. The motor and sensory roots pass down separately to the 

 closing membrane of the foramen, through which they emerge as 

 a common trunk (Plate 6, fig. 19, rx. IX). 



The central courses of these two components were partly made out 

 from the series of cross sections. The fasciculus solitarius is a clearly 



