willard: cranial nerves of anolis carolinensis. 81 



A comparison with other reptiles would seem to warrant the broad- 

 ening of this statement to a general one applicable to reptiles as a 

 group. There are found in practically all forms of reptiles these two 

 sympathetic rami named by Fischer ('52, p. 30) "ramus communicans 

 internus rami palatini cum glossopharyngeo " and "ramus communi- 

 cans externus nervi facialis cum glossopharyngeo." The first of these, 

 which would have the position of Jacobson's anastomosis, Fischer 

 (p. 30) refers to as one of the finest nerves in saurian anatomy, which 

 could be identified only with great difficulty; at the same time he 

 adds that it belongs to "den bestandigsten Nerven," and for this 

 reason must be considered essential to the plan of the saurian nervous 

 system. Fischer, however, showed one case, before referred to (p. 79), 

 where this internal ramus makes no connection with IX, which sup- 

 ports the view that it is principally a sympathetic ramus from the 

 deeper part of the head to the common cervical trunk. 



Bender (:06, p. 388) gives to this connection both a sympathetic 

 and viscero-sensory function in Chelonia, and states that the petrosal 

 ganglion is closely bound up with a ganglion of the sympathetic. 

 In Anolis no sympathetic cells were recognized, nor did the petrosal 

 ganglion show any division. Cords ( :04, p. 79) also specifically states 

 that, in the goose, this anastomosing branch from IX to VII is com- 

 posed of fibers from IX and from the sympathetic ganglion. 



(2) Ramus pharyngo-laryngeus (phx-lar' .) . This nerve is given off 

 from the main trunk of XII, in which it is temporarily carried, at 

 about the posterior end of the genioglossus muscle. Its course is 

 cephalad and mesad between the genioglossus and the cerato-hyoideus 

 to the trachea posterior to the lar^^-nx. As it leaves XII its composi- 

 tion is almost identical with that of the combined IX and X pharyngeal 

 rami before they join XII, although it is somewhat smaller. There are 

 about 20 coarse fibers mingled with the fine ones. In its course 

 across the m. cerato-hyoideus it loses about half of the larger fibers, 

 so that it is found to contain about eight or ten of these fibers distal 

 to its course across that muscle. The remaining coarse fibers supply 

 the muscles of the larynx, the fine fibres being sensory. When 

 the nerve has reached a position just beneath the mucous membrane 

 (Plate 5, fig. 13), some very fine fibered branches are given off 

 from the main trunk (not shown in the figure). They are so twisted 

 about the blood vessels that their final distribution, whether to the 

 epithelium or elsewhere, was not demonstrable. A small ganglion at 

 the base of the fine fibered ramus indicates that a part of the fibers are 

 of sympathetic character. 



