No. 4. — Exploration of the Coast Water between Nova Scotia and 



Chesapeake Bay, July and August, 1913, by the U. S. Fisheries 



Schooner Grampus. Oceanography and Plankton. 



By Henry B. Bigelow 

 CONTENTS. 



PAGE. 



Itinerary 152 



Equipment and methods . . . . . • . . .154 



Oceanography ........... 155 



Temperature, Cape Cod to Chesapeake Bay .... 155 



Temperature in the Gulf of Maine 170 



Salinity, Cape Cod to Chesapeake Bay 186 



Salinity in the Gulf of Maine ... .... 200 



Density, at the temperature in situ, Cape Cod to Chesapeake Bay . 214 



Density in the Gulf of Maine 221 



Color of the sea 224 



Current measurements 225 



Circulation over the continental shelf, July, 1913 . . . 230 

 Previous records of temperature and salinity, Cape Cod to Chesa- 

 peake Bay 234 



Oceanography of the Gulf of Maine in the summers of 1912 and 



1913 246 



Origin of the coast water ........ 250 



Oceanography of the Gulf of Maine and of the North Sea . . 263 



The coast water as a biological environment .... 264 



The plankton 267 



General account of the macroplankton ...... 267 



Gulf of Maine plankton ........ 273 



Distribution of Salpa and Doliolum ...... 275 



The hyperiid amphipods ........ 278 



Table of hyperiids 279 



Copepods 285 



Table of copepods in the horizontal hauls .... 287 



The Sagittae 297 



Tomopteris 301 



Pteropods and heteropods 301 



Pelagic hydroids 306 



Medusae, siphonophores and ctenophores ..... 314 

 Distribution of pelagic coelenterates . . . . . .318 



