BIGELOW: COAST WATER EXPLORATION OF 1913. 



177 



Station 10095), was distinctly colder (47.1°-47.5°) than the correspond- 

 ing layer of water either west, north or northwest of it (Stations 10093, 

 10096, 10097, 10100). Consequently vertical mixing of the upper fifty 

 fathoms of water immediately surrounding the Bank could not repro- 

 duce the temperature observed on the latter; there must have been 

 either an influx of cold water from elsewhere, or some upwelling. 



The mean temperature of the layer of water between 50 and 100 

 fathoms was: — 



At Station 10087, 50-70 fathoms, the mean was 41.2°; at Station 

 10104, 50-85 fathoms, 40.5°. 



Thus the bottom water of the deeper parts of the Gulf, like the 

 upper layers was warmest in the northern part of the eastern basin 

 (Stations 10097, 10100); coldest, next the western shore (Stations 

 10087, 10104). 



In the preceding sentences the differences in mean temperature 

 have been emphasized; but in reality the striking result of the calcu- 

 lation is the uniformity of the Gulf, the extreme divergence of the 

 mean of the upper fifty fathoms being only about 4°, that of the mean 

 between fifty and 100 fathoms about the same, over an area of about 

 fourteen thousand square miles. 



The mean temperature of the upper 15 fathoms, i. e., of the zone 

 most subject to solar warming, shows a much greater range (about 

 11.2°), as illustrated in the following table: — 



