BIGELOAV: COAST WATER EXPLORATION OF 1913. 247 



(Stations 10044, 10045, 10106) agree very closely with each other, 

 the curves being practically parallel, and it is probable that the same 

 was also true of the waters immediately off the mouth* of the Bay, 

 for while the temperature as a whole was higher there in 1913 

 (Station 10087) than at the same locality in 1912, the greatest differ- 

 ence was only about 1° in the intermediate depths, while the two were 

 alike below forty fathoms. 



The water immediately north of Cape Ann (Stations 10104, 10105) 

 was 2°-5° warmer in 1913 than in 1912 (Stations 10011, 10012b) 

 down to 50-60 fathoms; below fifty fathoms the two sets of observa- 

 tions hardly differ at all. Here again we are confronted with the 

 difficulty that the 1913 stations were occupied a month later than those 

 of 1912, hence the higher temperature of the former might be explained 

 as due to seasonal warming during the last part of July and August. 

 However, the waters off Cape Elizabeth were also slightly warmer 

 (.5°-3.°) in 1913 than in 1912, though studied only fourteen days 

 later in the season, which suggests that the upper layer of the coast 

 water from Cape Ann to Cape Elizabeth was actually warmer in 1913 

 than in 1912. 



Near Monhegan Island the temperature was about the same below 

 fifteen fathoms in 1913 (Station 10102) as it was a week earlier in 



1912 (Station 10021), though over 5° warmer on the surface. 



The mean temperature on Jeffrey's Bank was about 1° higher in 



1913 than in 1912 (50° as against 48.7°) ; and the fact that the vertical 

 range of temperature was much greater there in 1913 than in 1912 

 shows that vertical circulation was less active. A few miles further 

 east, however, the 1913 temperatures (Station 10101) are 1.5°-3° 

 lower than those of 1912 (Station 10038) at all depths. 



The 1913 temperatures are likewise consistently lower than those 

 of 1912 off the northeast coast of Maine (Station 10098) and over the 

 coastal bank off Nova Scotia, the observations having been taken at 

 about the same date. For example, the Station of 1913, off Lurcher 

 Shoal (10096) was 2° colder on the surface; 2.5° colder in the mid- 

 depths; 3° colder at sixty-five fathoms than the water a few miles 

 further south in 1912 (Station 10031). And German Bank was 1.5°- 

 2.5° colder in 1913 than in 1912. 



Our discovery that in 1913 the basins were coldest in the mid-depths, 

 with warmer water below, was totally unexpected, because in 1912 

 they were coldest on the bottom; or the temperature was at least 

 vertically uniform below about fifty fathoms. In the western basin 

 the water was 2° warmer at the surface, 1° warmer at fifty fathoms, 



