274 bulletin: museum of comparative zoology. 



larvae of the red fish (Sebastes viarinus). And the assemblage over 

 the western basin was the same, with the addition of the schizopod, 

 Meganyctiphanes norvegica. Off Penobscot Bay (Stations 10091 and 

 10100) there were swarms of Limacina halea, a pteropod represented 

 at most of the other Gulf Stations by small numbers only; at several 

 stations the nets brought back numerous specimens of Staurophora 

 (p. 273), and at Stations 10091 and 10092 the surface waters were 

 swarming with young amphipods (Euthemisto), as well as with young 

 stages of Calanus finviarchicus, in the proportion of about one of the 

 former to four of the latter. The accompanying table showing the 

 occurrence of fifteen of the more characteristic and faunistically 

 important species, illustrates the extreme uniformity of the plankton 

 of the Gulf. At fourteen of the nineteen stations in the Gulf ten or 

 more of these fifteen species are represented ; and at only three stations 

 were less than eight found; the poorest even (Stations 10098, 10099, 

 10105) had half of the species. Two forms, Calanus finmarchicus, and 

 Sagitia elegans were taken at every station ; and a third, Pseudocalanits 

 ehngatus was probably also universal (p. 291). Euthemisto compressa, 

 Anomalocera pattersoni, Limacina halea and Phialidium languidum 

 occurred at 80-90% of the stations and Euchaeta norvegica at every 

 station where the haul was deeper than forty fathoms. And no sub- 

 division of the Gulf into faunal regions is possible for any of the spe- 

 cies, except that in a general way neritic forms, e. g., Tomopteris 

 helgolandica, Staurophora, and Phialidium, and the various metazoan 

 larvae which are always more or less in evidence in the tows near 

 shore, occurred less regularly at the stations in the centre of the Gulf. 



The only region which showed a decided variation from the general 

 plankton type just described was German Bank (Station 10095) where 

 the copepods were largely replaced by a swarm of Pleurobrachia pileus. 

 But this was an impoverishment, rather than a different plankton 

 type, for Pleurobrachia is widely though irregularly distributed over 

 the Gulf in summer; and when it swarms, seems to obliterate or devour 

 almost everything else in the water. 



In 1913, as in 1912, we found a few pelagic organisms of unmis- 

 takably oceanic and warm water origin in the Gulf, e. g., Salpa, two 

 copepods, Euchirclla rostrata, and Pleuromamma rohusta, and a chae- 

 tognath, Sagitia scrratodentata; but the Gulf Stream component was 

 smaller than in the previous year; while on the other hand, three cold 

 water species, which, though not truly polar, are at least at home in low 

 temperatures, i. e., Calanus hyperboreus, Euchaeta norvegica and 

 . Eukrohnia hamata, were more abundant than in 1912, and a fourth. 



