DALY : GEOLOGY OF THE NORTHEAST COAST OF LABRADOR. 229 



measured by Captain Bolton of the British Navy. On the opposite side 

 of the Tallek is the slightly lower but equally majestic Kutyautak. The 

 twenty-five-huudred-foot cliffs of the latter have slopes of from fifty to 

 eighty degrees. Yet more imposing, perhaps, are the extremely rugged 

 cliffs of the Tessyuyak near its head. They were estimated at twenty- 

 five hundred feet in height on both shores. Their striking character is 

 due not only to altitude and the narrowness of the bay, here but a half 

 mile in width, but also to the greatly variegated color of the rocks. 

 The usual neutral tones of the cliffs in the Torngats is exchanged for 

 an irregular association of browns, reds, greens, yellows, slaty blue, 

 grays and even white, according to the nature and condition of the 

 schists or of the products of efflorescence. 



^Yhile the fiord walls, varying thus from fifteen hundred to thirty- 

 four hundred feet in height, are relatively continuous and enclose a well- 

 defined trench, their sky-lines are often broken down by lateral notches. 

 Some of them belong to glaciated valleys, the bed-rock floors of which 

 lie below sealevel. Such inlets are more or less filled with deltas and 

 alluvial funs built out by rapid brooks and torrents. Still more numer- 

 ous are side-valleys that characteristically mouth at varying heights 

 above the fiord waters. From Kipsimarvik (the Hudson's Bay Post) 

 to the Xarrows, twenty-two well developed cirques or corries from 

 three to eight hundred yards in length were counted. The small 

 streams draining them leave the corries at altitudes varying from one 

 to two thousand feet above the sea. Identical in form and relations 

 with the amphitheatres lining the larger glaciated valleys of the Alps, 

 of Xorway, of Scotland, and of the Rocky Mountains, they may best be 

 explained as the result of very local but intense .erosion of small ice- 

 tributaries feeding the now vanished main glacier that once occupied 

 Nachvak Bay. (cf. Plate 5.) Other " hanging valleys " of much 

 greater dimensions are likewise found. The most important of these is 

 drained by the large stream furnishing most of the water in the pictur- 

 esque cascade " Korlortoaluk," two miles east of Kipsimarvik (Plate 6). 

 The main leap of this fall was found by barometric means to be three 

 hundred and seventy-five feet high ; the total height of cascading water 

 visible from the bay is five hundred and twenty-five feet, but the valley 

 floor really appears at a height of seven hundred and fifty feet above 

 the sea. The fiord is five hundred feet deep opposite the waterfall. 

 There is thus a total discordance of twelve hundred and fifty feet in the 

 altitude of the main and lateral valley floors. On an estimated gra- 

 dient of two hundred feet to the mile, the lateral valley turns north- 



