DALY: GEOLOGY. OF THE NORTHEAST COAST OF LABRADOR. 237 



light of their effects on the existing topography. Among the incentives 

 which the writer had to join the expedition was the need of more detailed 

 observations than had yet been made on the general direction of ice-move- 

 ment in glacial times ; on the question of the nou-glaciation of the high 

 northern mountains ; and on the " lunoid furrows " that were long ago 

 found on the coast by Packard. The amount and character of post- 

 glacial uplift, the elevated beaches and other shore-forms associated with 

 that emergence likewise invited as close study as time and circum- 

 stances would permit. 



Glacial Markings ; Direction op Ice-Movement. 



Several visitors to the coast have repeatedly emphasized the difficulty 

 of discovering there the glacial striae and grooves which should normally 

 appear on ledges so strongly ice-worn as those of Labrador. For this 

 reason, it had been anticipated that our necessarily short halts at the dif- 

 ferent anchorages would not permit of our adding many localities to the 

 few where the course of ice-movement has been determined. It was there- 

 fore an agreeable surprise to find ice-markings at nearly every landing 

 place and often in great abundance. The intense power of the frost has, 

 in postglacial time, certainly caused some obliteration of such records ; 

 but the non-discovery of these is much more likely to have been occa- 

 sioned by the fact that search seems to have been hitherto largely con- 

 fined to the shore-zone recently emerged from the sea. The evidence 

 and amount of this emergence will be considered in the sequel. In the 

 southern part of the coastal belt, it is only the higher points which, dur- 

 ing the maximum postglacial depression of the land, remained above the 

 sea. As the land arose, wave-action, coast-ice and the exceptional power 

 of frost in the zone of flying spray, have tended to cause the destruction 

 of all glacial rnarks within the belt of land thus exposed. 



Selected readings of the directions followed by glacial striation are 

 given in the following table (Table II.), and are plotted on the map. 

 (Plate 13.) It will be seen that at all elevations, both in the valleys 

 and on the hill-tops, the ice-movement was outward from the central 

 part of the peninsula. The result is to confirm the conclusion which 

 has been based on five recorded single observations made at Hamilton 

 Inlet, Indian Island, Davis Inlet, Nain, and Xachvak. 1 



Glacial Lunoid Furrows. — Chamberlin has shown, by the collection 

 of many examples, that glacial markings transverse to the course of the 

 1 R. Bell, Scot. Geog. Mag. 1895, vol. 11, map accompanying text. 



